Mneumonics

Question 1

Drugs that prolong QRS/Sodium channel blocker effect:

Answer 1

AAAAA(DEMPH)-CO-LA
O=BOCK

-Antidepressants: TCA/Venlafaxine
-Antiepileptics: Carbamazepine, -Lamotrigine
-Antimalarials: Quinine, Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine
-Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine
-Antihistamine: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate
-Cardiac: Beta blocker, Flecainide
-LA : Bupivacaine, ropivacaine
-Others: Bupropion, Orphenadrine, Cocaine, Potassium

Question 2

Risk assessment for poisons

Answer 2

TIP -SIP

Time since exposure
Intent
Patient Hx/details
Poison Hx/details
Symptoms /Signs (toxidrome)
Investigation results

Question 3

QT prolonging medications:

Answer 3

AAAAA(DAMMPH)-CO

O=CLOOD

-Antidepressants: TCA, citalopram ,escitalopram
-Antimicrobials: Macrolides(erythromycin, clarithromycin), Fluoroquinolones(Ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin)Anti-fungal ( fluconazole, itraconazole) Antti viral (pentamidine)
-Antimalarials : Quinine, Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine
-Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine, haloperidol , amisulpride, ziprasidone
-Antihistamine: Diphenhydramine ,dimenhydrinate ,loratadine
-Cardiac: Sotalol, amiodarone, disopyramide

-Others: Cocaine, loperamide , opiates, organophosphates, domperidone

Question 4

Serum drug or toxin concentrations :

Answer 4

• paracetamol
  
  • some antiepileptic drugs, including carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate
  • aspirin
  • digoxin
  • iron
  • lithium
  • potassium
  • theophylline
  • toxic alcohols.

PAKD LATE

Question 5

CXR findings of aortic dissection:

Answer 5

🔍 BAD LUNG CRAFT

B: Blurred aortic knob Loss of normal contour
A: Aorto-pulmonary window loss Mediastinal blood obscures space
D: Disparity in aortic size Ascending vs descending
L: Left pleural effusion Blood leakage (seen in ~15%)
U: Unusual double density False lumen visible
N: NGT deviation to right Mediastinal shift
G: Great vessel displacement Trachea pushed right/anteriorly
C: Calcification displaced >1 cm “Calcium sign” of intimal flap
R: Regurgitation signs (cardiomegaly) Hemopericardium or valve involvement
A: Anterior tracheal deviation Mass effect from hematoma
F: Flattened left main bronchus Compression from expanding aorta
T: Thoracic leak signs Features of extravascular blood or dissection itself

Question 7

“Discuss RSI and ventilation in a patient with X”

Answer 7

“I Prepare Drugs To Ventilate Minds”

I – Indications and risks in this condition
Prepare – Pre-intubation optimization
Drugs – Drug choice and justification
To – Technique modifications
Ventilate – Ventilator settings
Minds – Monitoring and complications

Question 8

“Avoid High PEEP in:

Answer 8

SHARP Lungs:

S – Shock / hemodynamic instability
H – Hyperinflation (asthma/COPD)
A – Acute RV failure / pulmonary hypertension
R – Raised ICP
P – Pneumothorax / barotrauma risk/Pregnancy
L – Low oxygenation requirement (no need for recruitment)

Question 9

Sux Absolute Contraindications:

Answer 9

“Hot Muscles Burn, Crush Spines, Stroke Eyes”

Hot – Malignant hyperthermia
Muscles – Neuromuscular disease (ALS, MS, GBS)
Burn – Burns >24 hours
Crush – Crush injury >24 hours
Spines – Spinal cord injury >72 hours
Stroke – Stroke with paralysis >72 hours
Eyes – Penetrating eye injury / open globe
Hyper K – Hyperkalaemia or risk of it
Pseudo – Pseudocholinesterase deficiency
Sux Shock – History of severe sux reaction

Question 10

Sux Relative Contraindications:

Answer 10

“Septic Muscles Raise Pressure”
Septic – Severe sepsis
Muscles – Myopathies
Raise Pressure – High ICP or IOP