MOA

Question 1

Foscarnet

Answer 1

• Pyrophosphate analogue
• polymerase inhibitor

Question 2

Ganciclovir

Answer 2

• Nucleoside analogue
• competitive polymerase inhibitor

Question 3

Acyclovir

Answer 3

• Nucleoside analogue
• polymerase inhibitor
• selectively activated by viral thymidine kinase

Question 4

Oseltamivir

Answer 4

• Prodrug
• orally administered
• Inhibit viral neuraminidase
• Blocking viral release

Question 5

zanamivir

Answer 5

• oral inhaler
• Inhibit viral neuraminidase
• Blocking viral release

Question 6

Ribavirin

Answer 6

• Prodrug
• Broad spectrum
• Nucleoside analogue
• polymerase inhibitor

Question 7

Tenofovir

Answer 7

• NRTI
• nucleotide analogue
• polymerase inhibitor

Question 8

Entecavir

Answer 8

• Nucleoside analog (Deoxyguanosine)
• inhibits:
  reverse transcription
  DNA replication and transcription

Question 9

Cidofovir

Answer 9

• NRTI
• nucleotide analog of cytosine
• polymerase inhibitor

Question 10

Amphotericin B

Answer 10

Binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane
Formation of pores, ion leakage and cell death

Question 11

Bulevirtide

Answer 11

• Blocking sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor
• Result in blocking hepatitis B & D virus entery into liver cells.

Question 12

Caspofungin

Answer 12

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis by Non-competitively inhibiting the enzyme β-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase

Question 13

Fluconazole

Answer 13

Inhibit ergosterol synthesis by interacting with 14-demethylase

Question 14

Grioseofulvin

Answer 14

Binding to fungal microtubules, specifically to alpha and beta tubulin, and inhibiting their dynamic instability.

Question 15

Flucytocin

Answer 15

Disrupts nucleic acid and protein synthesis

Question 16

Nystatin

Answer 16

Bind to ergosterl in cell membrane and form pors taht lead to disruption of cell integrity

Question 17

terbinafine

Answer 17

inhibiting squalene epoxidase, an enzyme essential for ergosterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane

Question 18

bismuth subsalicylate

Answer 18

preventing bacteria from binding to mucosal cells
3rd line in Tx of H pylori

Question 19

Oxazolidinone ?

Answer 19

• Synthetic antimicrobial
• Inhibit the initiation of bacterial protein synthesis
• eg: linezolid

Question 20

Mupirocin MOA?

Answer 20

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

• Bind reversibly to the bacterial RNA synthetase

Question 21

Mupirocin low- level resistance mechanism?

Answer 21

• MIC is 8-256
• Chromosomal
• Point mutation in the ileS gene (RNA synthetase) or chromosomal mupA mutation

Question 22

high level R Mupirocin ?

Answer 22

• MIC>256
• Plasmid-mediated mupA gene mutation
• Formation of additional tRNA synthetase

Question 23

Octenidine hydrochloride

Answer 23

Disrupt the cell membranes
It is a cationic surfactant, positive charge that bind and disrupt the negatively charged lipid bilayers

Question 24

Fidoxamycin and Rifampicin

Answer 24

Inhibit DNA Polymerase and transcription

Question 25

Colistin Pre-dose (trough) level?

Answer 25

2–4mg/l

Question 26

Isoniasid MOA?

Answer 26

- Activated by bacteria KatG - Inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids

Question 27

Pyrazinamide MOA?

Answer 27

- Activated by pyrazinamidase to pyrazinoic acid - kills slow-growing, non-replicating MTB - Work in acidic environments - Disrupts the membrane potential and energy production.

Question 28

Rifampicin ?

Answer 28

Irreversable blocking of the bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Question 29

Ethambutol MOA?

Answer 29

- Disrupt the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan - By inhibiting the enzyme arabinosyl transferase

Question 30

Vancomycin MOA?

Answer 30

- Binds the D-Ala–D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors - Prevent cell-wall synthesis

Question 31

Fidoxamicin ?

Answer 31

- Inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase - block transcription initiation

Question 32

Chloramfenicol

Answer 32

- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding reversibly to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes

Question 33

MOA Linezolid?

Answer 33

- Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis - Binds to the to the 23S rRNA unit of the 50S

Question 34

Nirsevimab and Palivizumab ?

Answer 34

- Human recombinant monoclonal antibody that - Targets the fusion (F) protein on the surface of the RSV virus - Blocking the virus entry - Also: neutralize the virus and prevent sever disease

Question 35

What is the the name if the new gonorrhea vaccine ?

Answer 35

4CMenB (Bexsero)