What are three pressures
Atmospheric, intrapleural, alveolar
Define diffusion
Gases move between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
Hemoglobin is
Four iron heme, and one protein glob in molecules
Carbon monoxide has an affinity of what
200X that of o2
Carbon dioxide is majority transported as what
Bicarbonate ions
Rest transported carbon dioxide
Bound to hemoglobin
Dissolved in plasma
What are the three alveolar cells
Type 1 alveolar cells (simple squamous)
Type 2 great alveolar cells (cerfacted)
Alveolar macrophages (janitors)
V stands for
Ventilation
Q stands for
Perfusion
What is the normal ratio for V/Q mismatch?
0.8
Inadequate profusion 3
Ventilated exceeds perfusion
Gas doesn’t take part in gas exchange
Dead space producing if V/Q>80
Inadequate ventilation
Perfusion exceeds ventilation
Blood phases through the lung receiving no o2
Shunt-producing if V/Q <0.8
Inadequate ventilation and perfusion is a what?
Silent unit
What causes AW resistance?
Pneumonia
Asthma
Irritants
Disruption of tissue
What is the difference between restrictive and obstructive
Restrictive- lung is unable to expand fully
Obstructive- obstruction to airflow
What are some differential diagnosis
Chest trauma
Airway disease
Vascular disease
Pulmonary collapse
Infection
Malignancy
Neuromuscular
Parenchymal
Pathophysiology
Hyperventilation syndrome
COPD
asthma
Pneumonia
Pulmonary Edelman
PE/DVT
Pleural effusion
SARS
What is hyperventilation syndrome and what are the symptoms
Panic syndrome
Light headed, parenthesis, palpitations, diaphoresis, carpopedal spasms.
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What are two branches of COPD
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Describe
Destruction of alveolar walls
What are the upper, lower, outside types of emphysema
Upper- centilobular
Lower- panacinor
Outside - Distal acinar
3 contributing factors for emphysema
Heredity
Smoking
Environmental factors
Describe pathophysiology for emphysema?
Wearing of alveolar walls
Unable to expel carbon dioxide
