MOd 2- red flags

Question 1

What are red flags in the context of hip pathologies?

Answer 1

Conditions that require outside referral

These conditions may indicate serious underlying issues that need medical attention.

Question 2

Name some red flag pathologies related to the hip region.

Answer 2

• Appendicitis
• Colon cancer
• Inguinal hernia
• Legg-Calve Perthes disease
• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
• Avascular necrosis
• Ovarian cysts
• Femoral neck fracture
• Septic arthritis

These pathologies are non-musculoskeletal entities that may require referral to a physician.

Question 3

True or false: The practice act requires us to diagnose conditions like appendicitis or colon cancer.

Answer 3

FALSE

The role is to recognize these conditions and make appropriate referrals.

Question 4

What does insidious onset mean in the context of hip pain?

Answer 4

No known cause for the symptoms

Insidious onset combined with constant pain may indicate a need for referral.

Question 5

What is a key indicator of a disease process when assessing hip pain?

Answer 5

Constant pain

Constant pain could suggest a serious underlying condition rather than a musculoskeletal issue.

Question 6

What does night pain indicate when assessing hip conditions?

Answer 6

Pain that wakes the person and prevents them from falling back asleep

Unrelenting night pain is atypical for musculoskeletal conditions.

Question 7

Weight loss greater than 5% of body weight over 6 to 12 months can indicate what?

Answer 7

A disease process

Unexplained weight loss is a significant red flag.

Question 8

What is referred pain?

Answer 8

Pain perceived in a different location from the source

It can be caused by visceral organs and may complicate diagnosis.

Question 9

What is McBurney’s point?

Answer 9

A point 1/3 of the way between the ASIS and the umbilicus

Tenderness at this point may indicate appendicitis.

Question 10

What is Legg-Calve Perthes disease?

Answer 10

Temporary loss of blood supply to the femoral head resulting in bone death

It typically occurs in young adolescent males and may cause groin or thigh pain.

Question 11

What is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

Answer 11

Posterior and inferior slippage of the proximal epiphysis on the femoral neck

Common in overweight adolescents, it presents with groin pain and limited hip internal rotation.

Question 12

What is avascular necrosis?

Answer 12

Degenerative bone disease due to interrupted blood supply

It can be related to corticosteroid use or trauma and is characterized by rapid progression of pain.

Question 13

What is a common cause of a femoral neck fracture?

Answer 13

Falls, especially in older females

It is often associated with osteoporosis and can also occur in endurance athletes.

Question 14

What are the signs of septic arthritis?

Answer 14

• Unwillingness to weight bear
• Constant pain
• Warmth
• Effusion (swelling)

It is characterized by inflammation of the hip caused by infection.