MOD 6: postural analysis

Question 1

What does a valgus position refer to?

Answer 1

Distal segment away from the midline

In this case, it refers to the tibia being in a general valgus or genu valgum position.

Question 2

What is the expected degree of valgus in a typical assessment?

Answer 2

5 to 10°

Some degree of valgus is typical and expected in individuals.

Question 3

What is the layman’s term for genu valgum?

Answer 3

Knocked knee deformity

This describes the movement of the distal segment away from the midline.

Question 4

What does varum refer to in postural analysis?

Answer 4

Movement of the distal segment toward the midline

This is commonly referred to as bowlegged deformity.

Question 5

What is a recurvatum in the context of knee examination?

Answer 5

Hyperextension of the knee

This may be observed from a lateral view.

Question 6

What structures can be affected by excessive valgus?

Answer 6

• ACL
• Medial meniscus
• Medial collateral ligament

Increased stresses to medial structures can occur with greater than 10° valgus.

Question 7

What is a common consequence of osteoarthritis in the knee?

Answer 7

Development of varum alignment

This is especially seen in older males.

Question 8

What can excessive pronation lead to in terms of knee alignment?

Answer 8

Increased valgus angle

This can be influenced by forces at the hip and foot.

Question 9

What is the stroke test used for?

Answer 9

To assess for knee joint effusion

It involves stroking fluid from the medial to lateral side of the knee.

Question 10

What does a positive stroke test indicate?

Answer 10

Presence of knee joint effusion

This can be due to joint inflammation or injury.

Question 11

How is knee effusion graded in the stroke test?

Answer 11

• 0: No wave produced
• 1: Small wave
• 2: Larger wave
• 3: So much fluid that it’s difficult to move

This grading helps in diagnosing the condition.

Question 12

What should be observed in addition to bony alignment during a postural assessment?

Answer 12

• Swelling
• Skin changes
• Tissue healing
• Coloration changes
• Varicosities

These factors are important for making a diagnosis.