Control of undertaking making sure that errthang is acc to plan, he orders have been given, the principles which have been laid down, mistakes in order that they may be rectified and prevented from recurring
Henri fayol
Control is checking current performace against predeterminced
Edward Francis Leopold Brech
- process a manager takes to assure that actual performance conforms to what an org planned earlier
- anything that puts regulation to a process or act
Controlling
Controlling in general:
- Verifying everything is according to plan
- Effective and efficient utilization of org resources so as to achieve the planned goals
- measures deviation of actual performance from actual performance
Characteristics of controlling:
-management process
-end function but still continuous
-closely linked with planning
-Forward looking
-embedded in each level of org hierarchy
-Pervasive function
-dynamic
tool for achieving org aacts
purpose of a system of control:
- get the job accomplished despite envi and org obstacles, constraints, and uncertainties
- Necessary to ensure that the work is done according to objectives set earlier, acts planned are within sched, resources for plan allocated
- supervisors wll recog gaps in health workers knoeledge
- enables supervisor to recog and reward good work
- enables management to identify causes of deficiencies in the work
General requirements for a system of controls:
- there has to be a plan
2. Quantification of activities
Types of Control:
Preliminary
type of control; aka feed forward controls; proper directions are set and right resources are available
Preliminary
Concurrent
Post-action
type of control; sometimes called steering controls; focus on what happens during work process
Concurrent
type of control; aka feedback controls; focus on end results
Post-action
Process of controlling:
- setting performance standards
- measurement of actual perf
- Comparing actual perf wit standards
- Analyzing deviations
- Correcting deviations
are the plans or targets which have to be achieved in the course of business functon; criteria for judging; source of job desc
Standards
is determination of the quantity of a well defined entity
Measurement
2 types of measurements:
Tangible and intangible
Define minimum acceptable level of service in org; generally accepted, objective standard of measurement such as rule or guideline against which an org level of perf can be compared
Operational standards
In labs, we follow rules from:
WHO- world Health Org
CDC- centers for disease control and prevention
CLSI- Clinical laboratory standards institute
ISO- International Organization for standardization
OSHA
the ongoing monitoring and reporting of program accomplishments, particularly progress towards pre-establsihed goals
Performance measurement
Importance of perf measurement:
- ensure cust reqs have been met
- set sensible onjectives and comply with them
- provide standards for establishing comparisons
- provide visisbility and scoreboard
- highlight qality problems
- provide feedback
Performance measurement in CL:
- human resources
- Material Resources
- Financial Resources
