Species are adapted to the __________ in which they live
Environment
A biological ADAPTATION…
Is an anatomical structure, physiological process, or behavioral trait of an organism… that increases its expected long-term reproductive success.
Marine Iguana
A reptile that spends part of its time in the sea.
Only lizard which feeds in the sea.
Marine Iguana have evolved
- laterally flattened tails to assist in swimming
- Powerful limbs with strong claws (to hold on to rocks)
- Blunt nose for grazing on seaweed
Salt glands
located under the skin, between the eyes and nostril on each side of the head.
- it ejects salt by a “sneezing” action
- spray often forms the white “wig”
Intraspecific
Variation in color of males of different islands of the Galapagos Archipelago.
How many representative organisms are there…
25 representative organism
What is biology?
It is the scientific study of life of living things
What is the unifying principle of biology?
evolution
- living things change gradually from one form into another over the course of time.
Why are there very few museums of biology?
- because it is a new term.
- usually called museums of history.
Endemic
Species live in only one or a very small number of places ; (the only place where they occur naturally)
Examples for the Galapagos Islands include
- Land and marine iguanas
Cosmopolitan Species
Species that occur in most/many regions of the world
Example of cosmopolitan species
- Brown Rat
- House Sparrow
What is Blue-footed booby adapted for?
Diving into waters
Blue-footed booby adaptations to the environment
- Streamlines shape, large tail, and nostrils that closed: useful for dining. (prevents water from going into the head).
- Large, webbed feet propel the bird through water at high speeds.
- Specialized salt-secreting glands manage salt intake while at sea. (they have two salt glands in the skull).
- uropygial gland (for waterproofing)
Greater Frigates adapted for…
Aerial Life
Greater Frigates adaptation to the environment…
- highest ratio of weight span/weight
- tiny unwebbed feet
- vestigial uropygial gland (waterproofing unnecessary); they have been less prominent over the years.
Nudibranch “sea slang”
They are endemic to the Galapagos Island.
Cerata (nudibranch)
- Use it for gas exchange.
- Are used for attack and defense purposes.
- They do not have stinging cells themselves, they get it form the species that they engulfed. And that is how they produce new cerata.
Rhinophore and Cephalic Tentacles (nudibranch)
Rhinophore - sensory tentacles
Cephalic - oral tentacles
Because it has no eyes, tentacles are used to sense food and other environmental dangers.
Nudibranch adaptations
- usually brightly colored to advertise to predators that they are unpalatable chemical defense for protection.
- many have skin glands that produce sulphuric acid or toxic secretion to repel predators.
- Bright colors used for camouflage purposes (when living on red and orange sponges).
- utilize undischarged nematocysts (stinging cells) form their prey.
Interspecific
Interactions between two different species.
Intraspecific
Interaction between two individuals of the same species.
