IDIS 199 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Well Being

A

considered an overall state of feeling comfortable, healthy, and happy

Made up of many components, one of which is mental health

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2
Q

Having high levels of “well-being” means

A

you are living well, doing meaningful things and working towards the things that matter to you in life

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3
Q

Mental Health

A

includes psychological, emotional, and social aspects of thinking, feeling and behaving

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4
Q

Mental health is a prerequisite to

A

realizing potential, being able to cope with normal life stress, and being productive at work or school

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5
Q

Having “good” mental health means

A

your mental and emotional systems are functioning well and you can manage the typical stresses of life

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6
Q

ANALOGY: MH and well-being

A

Mental health is like physical health, well-being is like physical fitness

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7
Q

Artisole

A

thought the goal of life was eudaimonia (translates happiness) but more apt corresponds to the idea of not just being happy, but flourishing

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8
Q

Buddhism

A

balance and harmony with self and environment are important

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9
Q

In African religious and cultural traditions

A

relationships with the land and community members are important paths to wellness

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10
Q

Ubuntu

A

an African philosophy which shows a person cannot flourish in isolation, but can only grow in connection

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11
Q

Components of Well-Being

A
  1. Mental health
  2. Physical Health
  3. Supportive/Secure Environment
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12
Q

Westerhof and Keyes (2010) describe positive mental health includes:

A

feeling happy and satisfied with life (emotional well-being), positive functioning and self-realization (psychological functioning) and positive social value (social well-being)

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13
Q

Physical Health

A
  • Taking proper care of your body for optimum health and functioning, as well as disease prevention
  • Closely related to mental health in a reciprocal way
  • Optimal physical health requires good health, exercise, nutrition and mental health
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14
Q

Supportive/Secure Environment

A

-Your current environment and past experiences affect your mental and physical health
- A supportive and secure environment is one in which a person feels socially, emotionally and physically safe and valued

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15
Q

Contributors to Mental Health

A
  1. realizing potential
  2. emotional health
  3. psychological health
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16
Q

Realizing Potential

A

-Are you achieving all you want to?
-Do you feel like you are using your talents and abilities in a way that is meaningful to you?
- Your mental health is affected by the degree to which you feel you are reaching your potential and making a meaningful contribution to the world around you, in a way that aligns with your interests and perspectives

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17
Q

Emotional Health

A

-Emotional well being is made up of your feelings and emotions (happy, secure, confident, sad…)
-It relates to your ability to regulate your feelings across experiences and contexts

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18
Q

Psychological Health

A

-Involves how you think about things and regulate your feelings
-Includes the ability to self-reflect, problem-solve, manage emotions, be resilient, think and be attentive

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19
Q

Mental Health Spectrum

A
  • Exists on a spectrum (it is not that you either have it or you don’t)
  • Mental health states can be though about on a triangle, the base to tip proportions are the likely population of people to meet these thresholds
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20
Q

Mental disorders refer to

A

clinically diagnosed illnesses that require evidence-based treatments provided by health care professionals

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21
Q

Disorders are compromised of

A

clinically significant symptoms characterized by a disturbance in thought, feeling and perception that negatively affects day to day functioning and causes significant distress and impairment

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22
Q

Major Depressive Disorder:

A

persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in most usual activities - associated with disturbances in sleep, hunger and appetite

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23
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder:

A

persistent and excessive worry about everyday events

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24
Q

A mental health problem is

A

the presence of symptoms that persist and are associated with distress or difficulty, but are not severe enough to be considered a diagnosable mental illness, condition or disorder

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25
ex of a MH problem
symptoms in response to the death of a loved one
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Symptoms
Experiences that can be associated with some distress, but may be situational and not necessarily indicative of a problem or disorder -May subside when a stressor resolves - Often helped by lifestyle changes, self-help and counselling
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Common symptoms
-Anxiety -Mood (sad, negative thoughts) -Sleep (trouble falling or staying)
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Being mentally well is
reflected in feeling content, capable and happy
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Mental health and well being have been characterized on 2 parallel continuums
A. You can have a diagnosed mental illness in good quality remission and therefore have a high level of well-being C. Alternatively you may not have a diagnosed mental illness but have poor well-being
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% increase in depression from 2013-2016
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% increase in anxiety from 2013-2016
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in 2016 how many canadian students reported being treated for 1 or more mental health conditions
more than 1 in 4
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he student demand for MH resources is increasing due to
biological, sociological and psychological factors such as: -at risk age -transition period -vulnerable brain -lacking support -decrease in stigma
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At-risk Age
75% of mental illnesses begin prior to age 25
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U-Flourish Study
Study ay queens that partnered with student wellness to understand how best to support student well-being and mental health (began sept 2018)
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Contributors to MH and Academic outcomes in first year:
- Family Factors: relationships with parents, mental health history, parent education - Personal Factors: Mental & -Physical health, age, gender, sexuality, socio-cultural background - Early Environment: Childhood abuse, neglect, peer bullying, early loss/separation - Psychological: emotional self awareness, compassion, resilience, mental health literacy stigma - Lifestyle & Behavior: Exercise & recreation, social e=connections, sleep quality, and substance abuse
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Behaviours that are helpful for improving MH:
compassion, being active, being connected ad problem-solving
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Thinking about mental health and well-being as goals, these goals can be divided into categories
1. Community 2. Social 3. Recreational 4. Career 5. Academic 6. Relationships 7. Cultural
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Mental health is impacted by 4 main factors:
1. Realizing your potential 2. Emotional health 3. Psychological Health 4. Social connectedness
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Five factors that are influenced by MH:
1. Energy Levels and Motivation 2. Concentration and Cognition 3. Self-Efficacy 4. Managing Stressful Situations 5. Belongingness
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Mental Health Concepts
- risk factors -protective factors -stressors
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examples of risk factors
- Not enough sleep -Recreation drugs -Not having support network - Poor history of mental condition -Overthinking
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Risk Factors:
A risk factor is a biological, psychological or sociological characteristic or exposure that is associated with a higher likelihood of a negative outcome (some are modifiable)
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A protective factor is
a characteristic or exposure that lowers the likelihood of negative outcomes or that reduces the impact of a risk factor
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examples of protective factors
-Reliable support network -Good study-life balance -Feeling included -Positive thinking -Healthy sleep schedule
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Stressor
a person, place or situation that causes a state of psychological strain or tension (Stress is a psychological response to a stressor)
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examples of stressors
Upcoming exam Relationship problems
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you can take one of two routes in response to a stressor
1. Resilience 2. Signs and symptoms
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resilience
able to adjust, adapt, overcome and cope with a disappointment, stressor, threat or adverse event
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Signs and Symptoms
if the individual does not adapt, they can develop S&S, observable or experienced indicators of being stressed -Either distress the individual or impairs their ability to function emotionally, socially or academically -May signal the emergence of an illness or problem or may be circumstantial/short lived
51
Historical Perspective on Mental Disorders
- The perspective and approach to mental illnesses ha changed over time and by discipline Not defined time periods
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Late 19th Century
- Psychodynamic Model - Medical/Disease Model - Behavioural Model
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Psychodynamic Model
-Developed by Freud in the late 19th/early 20th century -Proposes the processes of the mind involve the interplay of psychological forces and that distress arises because the conscious interpretation of these forces (ex sadness)masks their true unconscious origin (supressed feelings from childhood)
54
In the psychodynamic model, the therapist is seen as
key to resolving the inner mental conflict between the conscious and unconscious mind, but no strong evidence that treatment is helpful
55
Medical/Disease Model
-Based on the work of Artisole, Galen, and Hippocrates -Krapelin believed the psychiatric illness were diseases cause by biological and genetic malfunction - He studied patients admitted to asylums and noted that illness ran in the family -views problems of mental functioning from a disease perspective with a biological basis at the core
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Medical/disease model emphasizes recovert through
somatic treatment such as medication and brain stimulation
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Behavioural Model
-Based in learning theories developed by pavlov in the 1920s, Watson in the 1930s and Skinner in the 1950s - Theorises that how you behave is conditioned (learned) due to the reinforcement you receive from your actions
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Behavioural model proposes that anxiety disorders
maladaptive learning has taken place and a harmless stimulus has become linked to extreme fear □ The fear causes avoidance of the harmless stimulus and prevents learning that is safe
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Behavioural model proposes in depression
the short term benefit of avoiding things when you feel low, tired and stressed has become outweighed by the reduction in positive experiences and you are no longer having worsening mood further, and increasing the desire to withdraw
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Depression Behavior Therapy focuses on
overcoming avoidance and building up opportunities to experience positive reinforcement
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Anxiety/Phobias Behavior therapy aims to
reverse this learning by creating different, les negative association with the harmless stimuli
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What theory provides the basis of the psychological approaches that are most commonly used today
Behavioural model
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-Modern uses emphasize that these three factors are not always equal in their role in determining mental illness
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1970s
Cognitive Model
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Cognitive model contributors
Abraham, Seligman & Teasdale (1978), Beck et al., (1983), and Brown & Harris (1978)
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Cognitive Model
-Perspective that mental disorders are the result of errors in thinking or biases -Assumes that your perspective of yourself and the world are results of your thinking, and therefore, errors or distortions in thought process can cause upset and mental disorders -Making negative interpretations, recalling negative memories and focusing on negativity can contribute to increased anxiety and depression
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1990s-2000s
- Biopsychosocial Model - Osler Medical Humanist Model
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CBT
- CBT is a widely used therapy -Cognitive component: identifying and correcting errors and biases in thinking - Behavioural component: changing maladaptive behavior and learning new behavioural responses
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Biopsychosocial Model
-First introduced by George L Engel in 1977 -Emphasizes the interacting roles of biological factors, psychological factors and social factors, as contributors to mental illness
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Osler Medical Humanist Model
-Rigid application of the biopsychosocial model - This approach reminds us to take the whole individual person into account when assessing a diagnosis and developing a treatment plan (holistic) rather than singular reductionist approach (ie. Cognitive OR biological OR social)
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Sir William Osler
largely considered the father of modern medical education - Responsible for the introduction of bedside teaching
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Present
Social and Cultural Models
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Proximal risk factors:
choices that we make such as using cannabis or binging alcohol, healthy sleep patterns, exercise, etc - If initial symptoms of anxiety and depression are left untreated or unresolved, they can develop into significant MH problems
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Distal risk factors:
family environment during childhood, degree to adequate nutrition, housing and a safe nurturing environment, emotional support -Abuse, neglect, and bullying can have a negative effect on mental health later in development and is treatable
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Social and Cultural Models
-Social model focuses on a broader holistic community-based influences on MH - This model emphasizes providing support through addressing contributing factors including work/study conditions, nutrition, housing and living conditions education and healthcare services -The cultural/minority model focuses on voices of experience in response to feeling talked at or over in the medical and social models
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Examples of cultural model
-. Hearing voices network -The "mad movement" -Focus on non-stigmatizing way of approaching mental health experiences - Traced how meanings of madness changed throughout history
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Good models of mental health problems and mental illness should include
a variety of interacting factors and are often thought about in terms of time using the descriptors distal and/or proximal ○ Distal = a factor that represents an indirect or underlying vulnerability for a particular condition ○ Proximal: a factor that represents a direct cause or immediate vulnerability for a particular condition
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Outcomes:
studies show that MH, well-being and academic outcomes are associated with each other and determined by a combination of distal and proximal risk factors and stressors.
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Reconsidering Risk Factors:
Another way to think about risk factors is in terms of genetics and the environment, and how the two interact with each other
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Genes
our temperament and predisposition to mental disorders is in part related to our genetic makeup and family history
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Epigenetics
the modification of gene activity or expression This modification can occur through certain exposures including biological (hormones), environmental (famine) and/or psychological (chronic stress, abuse) factors
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Environment
your physical, psychological and social surroundings, including the emotional context at home or in class
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Stress Diathesis Model:
model of mental illness that is based on interactions between genes and the environment, and the wear and tear effect of chronic risk exposures related to stress on your mind and body -Your ability to cope and adapt is affected by this balance -Research suggests that certain environmental and lifestyle factors can further increase individuals who are at risk in individuals who are already vulnerable or at genetic risk, such as cannabis use
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Culture
differences in cultures have a range of implications for MH practice
IDIS 199
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