1
Q
what is the definition of health
A
health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not simply an absence of disease or infirmity
2
Q
when evaluating healthcare globally it is important to apply a
A
holistic lens
3
Q
holistic
A
concerned with complete systems rather than the analysis or treatment of individual parts
4
Q
holistic healthcare
A
encompasses a consideration of the whole person, including their body, mind, and spirt
- further extension includes emotional, social, and cultural status of their community
5
Q
two- eyed seeing approach to healthcare originates
A
from the Mi’kmaq First Nations
6
Q
what is the two-eyed seeing approach
A
framework that combines the strengths of both indigenous and western knowledge, acknowledging that no single perspective is better
7
Q
western-based approaches to healthcare
A
are traditionally date driven and influenced by conventional scientific approaches
8
Q
Indigenous approaches to healthcare
A
value love, honesty, humility, and respect in order to help build trust relationships, and safe places
9
Q
why is two-eyed approach good?
A
is a balanced perspective that offers an opportunity for healthcare professionals to begin to address the ongoing impacts of colonization and marginalization and reduce negative health outcomes
10
Q
Indigenous medicine wheel
A
wheel of 4
- reminder of then need of alignment in various dimesion of health
- 4 directions of the wheel represents physcial, emotional, spirtual, health
- centre of wheel = learning, beauty, harmony
- circular shape symbolizes the interconnectivity of all aspects of one’s being, including connection with the natural world
11
Q
how can the medicine wheel exist
A
in many forms
- paintings
- land formations
12
Q
what do Indigenous communities do with medicine wheel
A
different communities use the wheel to represent the natural world in many different ways
13
Q
what is the principle of the medicine wheel
A
is to remain centered while developing the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of your life equally
14
Q
what way does Anishinaabe wheel turn
A
clockwise
15
Q
north of the wheel
A
represents the mental dimension of health
- for Indigenous Canadians, may include quality time with family, learning from elders, listening to oral stories
16
Q
colour of north of wheel
A
white
17
Q
animal of north
A
deer
18
Q
health medicine of north
A
sweet grass
19
Q
season of north
A
winter
20
Q
west of the wheel
A
represents the physical dimension of health
- physical health requires regular exercise, a balanced daily diet, adequate sleep
21
Q
color of west
A
black
22
Q
animal of west
A
bear
23
Q
healing medicine of west
A
sage
24
Q
season of west
A
autumn
25
south of the wheel
emotional
- may include positive self-image, self-estee,, self-love, and positive surrounding environment
26
colour of south
red
27
animal of south
coyote
28
healing medicine of south
cedar
29
season of south
summer
30
east of wheel
spiritual
- spirtual practices such as smudging, singing, dancing, a belief in "creator" higher power, and relating to nature
31
colour of east
yellow
32
animal of east
eagle
33
healing medicine of east
tobacco
34
season of east
spring
35
what is needed for all people to experience health in a comprehensive manner?
health-promoting social conditions
36
list social conditions
- the availability of health services
- adequate housing
- safe working conditions
- nutritious foods
37
The Availability of Health Services
Complete health requires access to a family doctor, emergency health services, specialists, and necessary technologies such as diagnostic tools, vaccines, pharmaceuticals, etc. These resources
should be available in a timely manner and without great financial burden
38
Adequate Housing
Complete health requires access to a safe and secure home and community, in which to live in peace
and dignity
39
Safe Working Conditions
Complete health requires access to thorough and comprehensive workplace training, an understanding of and reasonable protection against occupational hazards, and a comfortable and
supportive work environment
40
Nutritious Foods
Complete health also requires access to a variety of foods that provide the macro and micro-nutrients
needed to support growth, maintain sufficient energy levels, and feel good, all without great financial
burden.
41
why in Canada do many indigneous suffer from poor health
as a result of inequities
42
The Availability of Health Services (indigenous)
- suffer from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis eight to ten times
more than non-Indigenous-Canadians
- The prevalence of mental illness is generally higher among
Indigenous Peoples in Canada
- , the suicide rate in adults is twice as high as in non-
Indigenous Canadian
-
43
how to fix the availability of health services for indigenous communities
. Integrating Indigenous
culture and healing practices into modern mental healthcare is needed in order to increase access and
effectiveness of services for Indigenous Peoples, and to make healthcare workers aware of the colonial
basis of current mental health practices
44
Adequate Housing Indigenous communities
More than 40% of homes on Indigenous reserves are in need of immediate repair, and rates of
overcrowding are six times greater on reserve than off. This is likely due to a combination of factors
including improper funding, the environmental conditions of the reserves, lack of access to hardware
stores and building supplies, and difficulty obtaining a bank mortgage due to reserve land being owned
by the crown
- Since many Indigenous communities have limited funding for band councils, they often
must choose between either fixing houses in need of repair, or putting money towards new
construction to ease housing shortages
45
Safe Working Conditions Indigenous
There is a greater tendency for Indigenous Peoples in Canada to work in more hazardous occupations.
In addition, they have a higher risk of hospitalizations due to unintentional workplace falls compared to non-Indigenous Canadians
- Indigenous Peoples are also more likely to work seasonal and/or part time
jobs, which are more vulnerable to economic downturns and can cause greater levels of stress
- Indigenous Peoples face many barriers to employment including racism, poverty, family
structure, geography, lower levels of education and literacy, government policy, intergenerational
trauma, and other historic and contemporary impacts of colonization
46
Nutritious Foods Indigenous
Indigenous Canadian households are more likely than non-Indigenous households to experience the
sociodemographic risk factors associated with food insecurity (e.g. extreme poverty, single-
motherhood, reliance on social assistance, living in a rental accommodation). As a result, Indigenous
Canadians are four times more likely to experience hunger than non-Indigenous Canadians
- as a result of living in impoverished conditions, more than 100 Indigenous communities
are under boil water advisories, with little to no access to clean drinking water
47
The Crown
The Crown is an abstract concept that represents the state and its government. Under Canada’s democratic system, the Crown is a source of sovereign authority, which performs part of the
country’s legislative, executive, and judicial powers on the binding advice, or through the actions of, members of parliament, ministers, or judges
48
Band Council
: Group responsible for the administration and governance of Indigenous
band/community affairs. Their responsibilities include decisions regarding education, housing, water
and sewage, roads, community businesses, and services. Some band councils have hereditary chiefs,
while others have elected chiefs
49
Intergenerational Trauma
Also known as transgenerational trauma, occurs when untreated trauma-
related stress that is experienced by survivors is passed onto subsequent generations. When the
trauma is unaddressed, it can develop into destructive behaviour over time, which can become
normalized within a family. Such behaviours can include family violence, depression, anxiety,
addictions, and/or suicidal thoughts
50
effect of what continue to contribute to poor physical and mental health conditions for many Indigneous Canadians
colonization and intergenerational trauma
51
example of how Indigenous are reclaining there traditional way of life
Opaskwayak Cree Nation (OCN)
52
Opaskwayak Cree Nation (OCN)
an Indigenous band in Manitoba, located in northwest of Winnipeg
53
Opaskwayak Cree Nation (OCN) in july 2020
- signed a declaration to begin the process of creating a law giving them
jurisdiction over their child and family services, rather than the Manitoba provincial government.
- raised their own pride flag for the first time, and encouraged
other Indigenous communities to do the same to emphasize that L G B T Q 2 S+ are equal members of
their communities.
54
The Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte
have established a Community Health Program that promotes
health and provides health services to all community members independent of status, and whether
the person is on or off reserve.
55
services Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte include
weight, blood pressure, and blood sugar checks,
immunizations, prenatal classes, and numerous diabetic services
56
Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte program staff include
nurses,
community health representatives, a medical transport coordinator, a chiropodist, a lactation consultant
57
Community Health Program contributes to
the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program-First Nations and Inuit Component (C P N P-F N I C).
58
Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program-First
Nations and Inuit Component (C P N P-F N I C). GOAL
has the goal of improving maternal and
infant nutritional health.
59
how does the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program-First Nations and Inuit Component (C P N P-F N I C). Plan on reaching the goal
offering monthly food vouchers to pregnant women.
60
Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte:
An Indigenous community that controls the Tyendinaga Mohawk
Territory, which is a reserve on the Bay of Quinte in Southeastern Ontario, east of Belleville
61
“Indian Status”
refers to legal status of an individual registered as Indigenous under the Indian
Act. An individual with status may be eligible for certain benefits, programs, and services provided by
federal, provincial, or territorial governments.
62
Assimilation:
Where individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the “dominant”
culture of a society. Assimilation involves taking on the traits of the “dominant” culture to such a
degree that the assimilating group becomes socially indistinguishable from other members of the
society.
63
Indian:
The term Indian was originally used because Columbus believed that he had reached South
Asia when he came to North America, and therefore mislabelled the native population as Indian. For
many people, this was considered to be the start of a long, oppressive relationship with settlers.
Despite its incorrect conceptualization, this term is still used in legislation, most commonly, the Indian
Act. Today, some people use the word to reclaim their identities as Indigenous Peoples, while others
still view it as a symbol of oppression.
64
in Canada when did they try to assimilate Indigenous peoples
they were institutionalized within the Indian Act of 1876
65
what did the act do
defined who was ‘Indian’ without any consultation, excluding many individuals that Indigenous
communities consider members.
66
what laws did the act include
Indigenous women (as well as their
children) who marry settlers lose their status, tribal nations were to be broken up into smaller ‘bands’,
and existing leaders would not be recognized.
67
"Indian act" and western electoral system
- imposed on most
bands, ignoring traditional selection processes and excluded Indigenous women
68
The overall goal of the Indian Act
to ‘civilize’ Indigenous Peoples by Christianizing them,
disconnecting them from their former ways of life, and forcing them into permanent agricultural
settlements.
69
result of "Indian act" and western electoral system
in many
Indigenous communities today, there remains a continuation of parallel systems of governance where
traditional chiefs and elected governing bodies co-exist, sometimes in conflict with each other.
70
How does the Community Health Program aim to address health inequities for the Mohawks of
the Bay of Quinte?
- by giving all community members
the education and services to achieve and maintain overall health
- is an example of resilience in action
71
Definition of Global Health
- The study and practice of improving health and health equity for people worldwide.
- focuses on health issues that cross countries, looks at social and environmental causes of health, and uses teamwork across many disciplines to prevent disease and provide care.
and is a synthesis of population-based prevention with
individual-level clinical care.
72
where is global health
is everywhere, is the health of people in the world
- dealing with inequalities
- looking after each person
73
where is global health applicable?
Global health is not only applicable to places abroad. In fact, global health applies anywhere from your
backyard to the local clinic. Although many elements of Indigenous health fit the overarching definition
of global health, topics such as Indigenous health require their own focus.
74
what are the 4 factors comprising global health
- data and evidence
- population focused
- social justice
- emphasis on prevention
75
Data and Evidence
Decision making in global health is based on data and evidence (e.g. vital statistics, surveillance and outbreak investigations, laboratory science).
76
Population Focused
Global health is focused on populations rather than individuals.
77
Social Justice
Global health has the goal of social justice and equity.
78
Emphasis on Prevention
Global health places emphasis on prevention rather than curative care.
79
what disciplines are very similar but discussed as different entities
Although global health, population health, and public health
80
global health incorporates
the principles of public health and
uses them to tackle health inequities at home and across international borders.
81
different aspects that go into public health
Government Contributions & Resources + Societal Contributions = Public Health
82
Government Contributions & Resources
Proper health programs, services, and policies in place
83
Societal Contributions
Organized efforts of society to use resources and follow health guidelines
84
Public Health
Health maintenance, injury prevention, and illness prevention
85
Public health promotes
the highest attainment of health for all people and deals with health from a population perspective.
86
Public health ensures
that health is addressed early in life and that access to health resources are available as needed
87
what is public health programs work to improve
the health and well-being of communities by identifying the risks that affect different people in different places at different times
88
main goes of public health
preventing disease (antibiotics, vaccines, areas sanitary and healthy)
89
Public health aims to
keep the population healthy through a combination of several components.
90
Public health components
- health promotion
- population health assessment
- disease and injury
prevention
- health protection
- health and disease surveillance
91
The components of public health each contribute to
one of the three main pillars of public health
92
The
three pillars of public health are
3 p's
1. prevention
2. protection
3. promotion
93
The three main pillars of public health contribute to
the prevention of disease, protection from disease, and the promotion of health
94
example of public health; prevention
- food inspections,
- the evaluation of air and water quality
95
example of public health; promotion
- campaigns encouraging physical activity
- nutritional education programs, - flu vaccinations
96
example of public health; protection
- zoning laws to promote active transport
- workplace health
and safety regulations
- vaccination requirements for healthcare workers
97
why was the WHO (world health organization) established
to achieve global health
98
The WHO what is it
- acts as the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system.
- works to improve international health conditions
99
how does the WHO work?
- increasing
global access to medicine
- epidemic surveillance, prevention and control
- initiating large-scale health
- promotion and policy campaigns
- providing technical support to countries
100
W H O Staff
Over 7,000 people from more than 150 countries work for the W H O, with their headquarters based in Geneva, Switzerland. The W H O staff includes physicians, scientists, epidemiologists, public health
specialists, health statisticians, economists, emergency relief specialists, and more.
101
W H O Constitution
states that "the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of
physical and mental health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without
distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic, or social condition.
102
how long has the (WHO) been working to promote health globally for
over 70 years
103
WHO ; 1940's
- When diplomats met to form the United Nations in 1945, one of the topics they discussed was creating
a global health organization. Three years later, on April 7th, 1948 the W H O was formed and its
constitution came into effect
- 1948, the U N General Assembly adopted and proclaimed the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
104
WHO ; 1950's
- the W H O began to promote primary healthcare programs
- Many health campaigns were
launched, including the global vaccination campaign aiming to eradicate smallpox
105
WHO ; 1960's
- W H O began a global campaign to eradicate malaria, focusing on its parasitic
mosquito source
- the W H O had become the major authority and supplier of experimental
pharmaceuticals globally
106
WHO ; 1970's
- Expanded Program on Immunization was created ( goal of making vaccines available to all children throughout the world)
- Europe was declared free of malaria
- The Declaration of Alma-Ata was adopted
107
The Declaration of Alma-Ata was adopted 1970s
This was the first international declaration of the
importance of primary healthcare, and aimed to attain global “Health for All by 2000.”
108
1980’s; WHO
- smallpox was declared officially eradicated
- first global organization to begin to prepare and take action towards H I V/AIDS care and
prevention
- initiated a Smoking or Health Program to share the hazards of smoking
109
1990’s; WHO
- set the goal of eliminating leprosy
- began to introduce the Hepatitis B vaccine into routine infant immunization programs
- tuberculosis was declared a global emergency
110
2000’s ; WHO
- the Millennium Development Goals were created
- began to put mental health on the global policy agenda
-
111
history of Canada taking action on global health
Canada took action to increase knowledge on the social determinants of Indigenous Peoples health,
including self-determination. These findings were presented to W H O Commissioners in 2007, allowing
them to have a global impact.
112
2010’s; WHO
- set global targets to prevent and control non-communicable diseases such
as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease
- 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals were created
113
2020’s ; WHO
- December 31 2019, the W H O’s Office in the People’s Republic of China picked up a media
statement by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission from their website, on cases of ‘viral
pneumonia’. (became covid 19)
- 2020, the W H O characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic.
114
Why would people of ethno-racial groups and lower-income be more affect from a virus
* Existing health disparities linked to social and economic factors
* Stress caused by low income, racism, and other forms of discrimination
* Inequitable access to healthcare and social services - fewer individuals being able to work from home - more crowded living, including inter-generational households
115
why was "the universal declaration of human rights" created
to recognize the basic freedoms that all people should have.
116
freedoms peoples should have
right to health, should be available to everyone regardless
of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property,
birth, or other status
117
what article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is concerned with our human right to health
25
118
three promotional images about the Right to Health, created by the W H O.
Universal Health Coverage , Ending Discrimination, Individual-Centred Care
119
when was The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (U N D
R I P) was adopted by the General Assembly.
September 13th, 2007
120
why was the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) established
established a universal framework of standards to ensure survival, dignity, and well-being for Indigenous Peoples of the world
121
The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (U N D
R I P) expands on what
human rights standards and fundamental freedoms listed in the Declaration of Human Rights, as they specifically apply to Indigenous Peoples
122
what is important to note about the UNDRIP
these are all
inherent rights, and this document helps to reconcile the fact that these human rights were not being
upheld in Indigenous populations
123
General Assembly
The main deliberative, policymaking, and representative branch of the United
Nations.
124
"motherhood" and the UDHR
important to
recognize that not all primary caregivers are women, and not all individuals with uteruses identify as
female
125
Two-spirit & Indigenous what is it
a contemporary English term that refers to individuals who identify as having both a
feminine and a masculine spirit.
- describe their
gender, sexual, and spiritual identity, and is a translation of “niizh manidoowag”.
126
modern two-spirited individuals
are reclaiming
traditions related to gender, sexual, and spiritual diversity
127
who was the health promotion movement of the 1980s fostered by
the WHO
128
what was the health promotion movement
brought in a new understanding of health because it included the dynamic concept of resiliency
129
W H O defines resilience as
he extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to
change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of
living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities
130
what is resiliency made up of
3 broad components which strengthen one's ability to cope with adversity
131
what are the 3 broad components of resiliency
- social resources
- personal resources
- physical resources
132
Social Resources include
support networks and social environments.
133
Personal Resources include
personal health practices and personal coping skills.
133
example of social resources
When an individual faces a difficult life situation, such as job loss, they may have the social support to
help cope with it; therefore, increasing their chances at becoming resilient.
134
example of personal resources
A resilient individual has the emotional and mental capacities to deal with job loss, and determine
alternative options for work.
135
Physical resources include
physical health and ability.
136
example of physical resources
A resilient individual will have the physical health and determination to search and apply for new jobs
after job loss.
137
A protective factor is defined as
“a characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, or community
(including peers and culture) level that is associated with a lower likelihood of problem outcomes or that reduces the negative impact of a risk factor on problem outcomes
138
examples of different kinds of protective factors.
* Academic achievement/intellectual development
* High self-esteem
* Emotional self-regulation
* Good coping skills and problem-solving skills
* Engagement and connections in two or more of the following contexts: school, with peers, in
athletics, employment, religion, and/or culture
* Family provides structure, limits, rules, monitoring, and predictability
* Presence of mentors and support for development of skills and interests
139
To ground the concept of health in the daily lives of individuals and to provide the framework for
effective health policy, it is essential to understand
social determinants of health.
140
what are the pillars of social determinants of health
- personal behaviour
- psychosocial economic environment
- human biology
- physical environment
141
personal Behaviour
* Lifestyle
* Relationships
142
Psychosocial Economic Environment
* Unemployment
* Education
* Healthcare Services
* Work Environment
143
Physical Environment
* Housing
* Agriculture and Food Production
* Water and Sanitation
* Living and Working Conditions
144
Human Biology
Genetic predispositions
145
cultural variations in frameworks
social conditions associated with health can be represented differently depending on the culture of the person, context of the situation and time period
146
social determinants of health
there are number of frameworks: we use the 14 factor framework developed by Mikkonen and Raphael (2009)
147
Canadian framework of the social determinants of health
- Gender
- Disability
- Housing
- Early Life
- Income and Income Distribution
- Education
- Race
- Employment and Working Conditions
- Social Exclusion
- Food Insecurity
- Social Safety Net
- Health Services
- Unemployment and Job Security
- Indigenous Status
148
how does illness result
from the interplay between external factors (environment), internal factors (genetics), and social determinants of health
149
what does focusing on the social determinants of health for different population provide insight about
health inequities that arise between groups of people and can help inform health interventions
150
aspects that influence health
- your life
- your environment
- your biology
- your healthcare
151
50 % your life
* Income
* Early childhood development
* Disability
* Education
* Social exclusion
* Social safety net
* Gender
* Employment/working conditions
* Race
* Indigenous status
* Safe and nutritious food
* Housing/homelessness
* Community belonging
152
10% - Your Environment
* Air quality
* Access to clean water
* Civic infrastructure
* Access to sustainable and healthy food
* Neighbourhood safety
153
15% - Your Biology
- Genetics
- Family history of disease
154
25% - Your Healthcare
* Access to basic health care
* Health care system (availability of effective treatments without financial burden)
* Wait times
* Access to supplementary medical (e.g. dental, prescriptions, etc.)
155
Addressing the social determinants of health of individuals and populations can inform
upstream
prevention and help treat the cause of health problems.
156
Health problems are
any problem that relates to the physical and emotional health of a person or population.
157
DOWNSTREAM PREVENTION
focus on treating the health problem.
158
example of downstream prevention
chemotherapy treatment is a downstream cancer prevention.
159
UPSTREAM PREVENTION
aim to treat the cause of health problems
160
example of upstream prevention
cancer
screening is an upstream prevention.
161
In 2016, Health Quality Ontario published a paper titled “Income and Health: Opportunities to achieve
health equity in Ontario”. what was this paper about
compared the poorest and richest people in Ontario using five income levels to illustrate
the enormous impact that income has on health
162
relationship noticed in the paper
poorest 20% of the population show worse health than the richest 20%
163
relationship between health and wealth ; health
Half (49.4%) of the lowest income earners in Ontario report their health status as excellent or very good, compared with nearly three-quarters (72.9%) of the richest people, and 61.9% for Ontario
overall.
164
relationship between health and wealth ; MENTAL HEALTH
People living in the lower income neighbourhoods in Ontario account for nearly twice the total number
of visits to the emergency department for a mental illness or addiction compared with people living in
the richest neighbourhoods - 104,494 visits versus 54,457 visits over a three-year period.
165
relationship between health and wealth ; LIFE EXPECTANCY
- Women living in the lower income neighbourhoods in the province die, on average, more than two years earlier than women living in the richest neighbourhoods
- Men living in the poorest
neighbourhoods in Ontario die, on average, five years earlier than men living in the richest
neighbourhoods.
166
how does living with lower socioeconomic status contributes to higher rates of illness.
* Being unable to afford health care costs
* Not having time to look after yourself
* Not having enough resources could result in stress reactions (immunosuppression, cardiovascular,
etc.)
* Healthy food costs more
* Poor nutrition makes you more likely to get sick and have a hard time fighting the illness
* Poor housing and sanitation conditions lead to illness
167
Gapminder findings
- Hans Rosling used Gapminder to identify the relationship between health and wealth over the past two centuries
- provides hope that with hard work, every subsection
of society can make it closer to the “rich and healthy” corner.
168
What four factors are required for all populations to become rich and healthy?
- time
- trade
- peace
- green technology
169
why is examining the social determinants of health of individuals and populations helpful
can reveal factors that influence health inequities and disparities (then can address these factors and reach health equity)
170
Health equity is the absence of
avoidable or remediable health differences among groups of people,
whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically
171
Health inequality
means there are differences in health experiences or outcomes between different
populations
172
Health inequity
is an inequality that is an unfair and avoidable systematic disadvantage
173
An advocate can be defined as
- one that pleads the cause of another; specifically, one that pleads the
cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court.
- can be one that defends
or maintains a cause or proposal, or one that supports or promotes the interests of another
174
Tommy Douglas
is noted as being the father of socialized medicine, which was the original beginnings
of our current healthcare system in Canada
175
The Suffragette movement
advocated for change within society to allow and accept women’s right
176
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr
was an instrumental leader during the civil rights movement for African
Americans to gain equal rights
177
what do advocates do
help groups of people gain fair treatment
- However, sometimes they fight for the rights of
one group at the inadvertent or deliberate expense and oppression of other groups
178
Dr. Cindy Blackstock
a member of the Gitksan First Nation, has 25 years experience in child
protection and Indigenous children’s rights social work. Among many other things, Dr. Blackstock has recently helped develop the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of the Child
179
Geena Rocero
is a transgender supermodel, and the founder of Gender Proud, a media production
company that aims to advance the rights of all transgender individuals. She has spoken about
transgender rights at the United Nations headquarters, the White House, and more
180
Autumn Peltier
from Wiikwemkoong First Nation, was named Chief Water Commissioner by the
Anishinabek Nation at the age of 14. Motivated by the lack of clean water in many Indigenous
communities, this “Water Warrior” spoke at a UN forum at the age of 15
181
why is advocacy in health care critical
because it involves health promotion at the individual
and population levels
182
responsibilities of a health advocate
- PATIENT NEEDS
- COMMUNITY NEEDS
- IDENTIFY S D H’S
- HEALTH PROMOTION
183
PATIENT NEEDS
Respond to individual patient health needs and issues as part of patient care
184
COMMUNITY NEEDS
Respond to the health needs of the communities that they serve
185
DENTIFY S D H’s
Identify the social determinants of health of the populations that they serve. Recall that by identifying
and addressing these factors, health equity can be achieved.
186
HEALTH PROMOTION
Promote the health of individual patients, communities, and population
187
what are the levels of health adcocacy
- global/humanitarian
- community
- individual
188
Individual level
- refers to making a difference for someone in need of assistance
- Simple tasks
can make a big difference such as visiting someone who is lonely, making a phone call to find
resources for someone who is suffering, or helping someone cross the street. Often all it takes is
listening carefully
189
community level
- refers to recognizing and acting upon a defined need in the community in
which you live.
- This may involve assisting a community organization that aims at mediating health
inequities or assisting in changing civic policy
190
health professionals and their community
Health professionals play an important role in their community as their influence can be used to
strengthen the health outcomes of the community
191
global humanitarian level
involves recognizing the social determinants of health on a more
global level, and acting to change the effects through work with communities or through changing
policies.
GLPH 271
flashcards
Decks in class (5)
# Cards
