Jane and Sarah were watching the evening news when Viewers were asked to weigh in on the city’s proposed tax increase. Later in the broadcast, these results were posted. Both Jane and Sarah were skeptical: 68 percent of the Viewers supported the tax increase. They wondered how well the type of people who chose to participate would represent the Views of all the city’s citizens. Jane and Sarah are demonstrating:
0 basic thinking.
0 applied thinking.
0 critical thinking.
0 cross-cultural sensitivity.
Critical Thinking
What are the 3 parts of the scientific attitude?
Curiosity – Passion to understand the world
Skepticism – Critically evaluating ideas and science
Humility – Open to new ideas and evidence
What is Critical Thinking?
Thinking that examines assumptions, discerns biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions rather than automatically accepting arguments
Mary Whiton Calkins was the first woman to:
o accept a Ph.D. in psychology from Radcliffe College.
0 be granted a Ph.D. in philosophy from Harvard University.
0 accept a Ph.D. in philosophy from Radcliffe College.
0 be president of the APA (American Psychological Association).
4) Be President of the APA
Between 1997 and 2020, about how many presidents of the Association for Psychological Science have been women?
0 20 percent
0 40 percent
0 50 percent
0 75 percent
50%
Who is Margaret Floy Washburn?
2nd President of the APA, focus on animal behavior
Who is Francis Sumner?
Francis Sumner was the first African American to receive a PhD in Psych?
He conducted pioneering research on racial differences
Where was the first psychology lab, who made it, and what was its purpose?
Liepzig, Germany; Wilhelm Wundt in 1879; the purpose was to measure the fastest and simplest mental processes by measuring how quickly people respond under certain conditions.
What is the Structuralist approach to psych?
Titchener wanted to understand elements of the mind’s structure. He used introspection to train people to report their experiences. But this method was unreliable because people’s self-reports vary depending on experience
What is the Functionalist approach to psych?
James wanted to study the functions of thoughts and feelings, and the purpose of mental processes.
What is Basic research?
The purpose is to increase scientific knowledge base and understand a subject, topic, or phenomenon.
Examples include investigation into how the universe began and precipitation measurements
What is Applied research?
Solve Practical Problems by applying information to real-life situations
Examples include how to improve agricultural crop production, how to treat patients with insomnia, and how to cook healthy meals with a limited budget
What are the three types of practice that psychologists generally occupy?
1) Counseling Psychologists - Trained to assist with occupational/school/relationship challenges
2) Clinical Psychologists - Assess and treat mental health disorders
3) Psychiatrists - Medical doctors licensed to prescribe medications
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
Three levels of analysis to consider interconnected factors.
1) Biological - genetics, natural selection
2) Psychological - Learned fears, emotional responses, cognitive processing
3) Social-Cultural - presence of others, cultural expectations, compelling models
What are the 7 major perspectives in Psychology?
Neuroscience - How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
Evolutionary - How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
Behavior - How our genes and our genetics environment influence our individual differences
Psychodynamic - How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavioral - How we learn observable responses
Cognitive - How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Social-cultural - How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
