What is planning?
a continuous process which involves decisions or choices about alternative ways of using available resources, with the aim of achieving particular goals at some time in the future.
Planning as an Activity?
- it can be done by anyone, anytime, anywhere
- woven into every aspect of human life
Planning as a Process
It is essentially problem-solving
It is a systematic way of establishing ends (goals, policies, outcomes) that define future development and determine means and procedures to achieve the end
It is the core of planning theory.
Planning as a Discipline
It refers to the body of knowledge related to all aspects of planning, held symbolically or in the minds of practitioners, researchers, and theorists
Branches of Planning
Urban and Regional Planning
Environmental Planning
Economic Planning
Social Planning
Strategic Planning
What is the RA of Environmental Planning Act of 2013?
RA 10587
What is environmental planning?
Also known as urban and regional planning, city planning, town and country planning, and human settlement planning
It refers to the multi-disciplinary art and science of analyzing, specifying, clarifying, harmonizing, managing and regulating the use and development of land and water resources, in relation to their environments, for the development of sustainable communities and ecosystems
Planning as a profession
It refers to the group of individuals carrying appropriate skill sets who fulfill an agreed upon social responsibility to guide these processes
Environmental Planning accdg. to Philippine Institute of Environmental Planners
It is the science and art of analyzing, formulating, and managing land use and development policies that shape sustainable and resilient communities, balancing ecological integrity, economic growth, and social equity.
Planning is both an art and a science
It deals with data, numbers, facts, and social factors
Quantitative (data, logic, and evidence) and qualitative (intuition, creativity, and human insight) methods
Planning Theory
The intellectual foundation; explain actions (praxis) to the actors and is necessary for evaluation of the success of planning efforts.
Planning Practice
The applied reality; the actual work that planners do in the field, developing plans, managing projects, and engaging stakeholders.
What is the exchange process between practice and theory?
Theory provide language and conceptualizations for practice to adopt. Practice provides evidence to prove and support the theory.
Cube Diagram of Planning
Includes spatial levels, sectoral aspects, planning process, scope, and time
Before urbanization
- People often clustered in ___ villages (a relatively ___, ____ village)
Agricultural, small, egalitarian
Beginning of Urbanization
- Main two events?
Development of agriculture
Construction of Warrior-king City - Kingdoms
What was happening during the development of agriculture?
- permanent settlements and fixed farms
- specializations
- increased tribe size
- sedentary settlements in alluvial plains
- Resource base = water source
- Rectilinear plotting
- Farming stimulated social planning - production of food, storing them for future events or other purposes
- Building of towns were the basis of a new form of human social organization and became the foundation for the first civilization.
What was happening in the construction of Warrior-King City - Kingdoms?
- the extension of a kingdom provides more manpower
- built cities served as fortress and market places for agricultural products of the surrounding lands
- population: 3,000-5,000 people
- where urbanization started
____ and ____ created the conditions necessary for cities to form and be maintained.
Agricultural Surplus - excess of produce from agricultural farming for marketing
Social Stratification - based on wealth, power, production, and prestige.
What are the five hearths of urbanization?
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, China along Huang He and Wei River Valleys, Mesoamerica
What are the characteristics of Mesopotamia?
- Fertile Crescent - cradle of urbanization; found between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers
- Settled in the river for water sources
- It has city walls: farmers lived outside city walls near their fields, the poor lived at periphery inside the walls, merchants and craftsman closer to center, and noblemen, priests, warriors lived at the center.
- vulnerable and plagued by major problems like famine due to increasing population and depleting sources
- FIRST ROAD NETWORK or ROAD PLAN: Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar II and its regular street plan
What are the characteristics of Egypt?
- Not walled and slightly smaller
- power of rulers was demonstrated through the building of massive structures (pyramids)
- showed the interrelationship between urbanization and irrigation (NILE RIVER)
- flooding and controlled irrigation
- agricultural projects and trading
- monumental pyramids patterned with the sky
What are the characteristics of the Indus River Valley?
- Present day India and Pakistan
- First cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-daro
- intricately planned - first cities to show signs of planned development
- straight streets, rectangular blocks - gridiron pattern
- houses are equal in sizes
- economic activities through trading
- Western edge of city was religious political and educational center
- Has a sewer system and system for collecting trash
What are the characteristics of China along Huang He and Wei River Valleys?
- not walled
- located in great rivers for transport, agriculture, and defensive advantages
- Ancient cities were planned to center on a vertical structure (temple) with an inner wall around it for the leadership class
- Temples and palaces for the leadership class. The power of emperors was demonstrated through the building of massive structures.
