What is the Log Framework?
Input - Process - Output - Outcome - Impacts
Why do we plan?
- multi-layered problems that affect vulnerable communities
- geographic and climatic vulnerability
- limited resources
- ineffective planning of leaders (Need integrated development)
Planning: Interconnectedness and Complexity
Demand a certain level of structure to establish a systematic logical approach in problem solving.
Complexity in Planning
- justifies planning as a separate profession that needs experience about several issues
- also in terms of solution; problems are not perceived as one-dimensional
Planning Area (spatial levels)
National, Region, sub-region, province, city/municipality, Barangay, site
What is the issue between the regional and national level?
There is a disconnection between R and N because there is no regional government that have political power in planning and deciding, instead there are boards.
What is Legitimacy?
- precursor of planners’ authority that enables them to evaluate and recommend choices
- includes: professional expertise (power to propose), bureaucratic position (bureaucratic role), user preferences (participation in decision-making), professional values (sanction to plan for others)
Planning as an activity
- integral part of an societal activity; linked to social action
- undertake in the interest of specific individual, household, or firm
- aggregate self-interest = tragedy of the commons — therefore, needing social regulation to not exploit the carrying capacity
Planned Rationality
- mechanism for making deliberate social decision, guided by purposeful action
- “Situational Analysis” - collect information first to rationally plan
- development use be equitably distributed; balance of logic (maximize impact) and people
What are the constants of planning? (9)
- provision of housing
- allocation of employment sources
- facilitation of commercial and service functions
- delivery of clean water
- removal of solid and liquid waste
- design of efficient means of communication and transportation
- production of a healthful environment
- maintenance of recreation and aesthetic qualities within the built environment (greening, ventilation)
- creation of functioning and balanced system of institutions
Each of the propelling issue is composed of:
- Driving forces - propel change
- Moderating forces - redirect and transform change
- Mitigating forces - provide balance or resolve negative implications
- resource base - the material to sustain change are derived
What is the difference between avoidance, enhancement, mitigation, and compensation?
- Avoidance
- Enhancement - improve positive implications
- Mitigation - resolve negative implications
- Compensation - the negative impact persists but the community endures and compensates for its effects
DPSIR Framework
Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impacts, Responses
Driving Forces
Human influences and natural conditions driving environment change
- Industrialization, Urbanization, Population Increase
Pressures
Stresses that human activities and natural conditions place on the environment
State
State or condition of the environment
- Land, Air. Water, and Biodiversity
Impacts
Biological, economic, and social effects of environmental change
- Ecological, Economic, Social, Institutional
Responses
Responses by government and society to the environmental situation
- for drivers, pressures, state, and impacts
Specific concerns in planning. (7)
- shaping the pattern of growth - for land-use pattern
- minimize environmental damage
- preserving or improving which now exists in older communities
- economic development
- location of public facilities
- improving road network with acquiring and developing land
- coordination between the planning efforts of the various municipalities (to avoid duplication)
Planning goals reflect the ____ and ___ of those involved in the process
Ideological positions and social values
- subjective and changing responses to problem (ideal)
- goals provide direction - in plan-making and evaluation, decision-making
Importance of Goals (4)
Provide a sense of direction
Focus our efforts
Guide our plans and decisions
Help us evaluate our progress
Goal-setting in Planning
- requires the establishment of performance criteria
Because… all systems are hierarchical in nature; single components will be systems; consider comprehensive goals for a spatial system - involves:
Identifying present and future problems; determining community aspirations; identifying strategic issues and priorities
Goal vs. Objective
Goals represent an end toward which planning efforts are directed
Objective - intermediate condition achieved along the pathway toward some larger desired accomplishment
Common types of goals (5)
- Legacy goals - leftover from previously and currently followed policies
- Mandated goals - from policies; defined requirements
- General goals - stakeholder goals; address matters of public interest
- Community needs - transforming needs into goals; response to population, economic, and environmental changes
- Community aspirations - participatory goal-setting process; characterize wants
