Define anatomy
The science of body structures and their relationship
Define physiology
The science of body functions
Levels of structural organization in order
1) chemical
2) cellular
3) tissue
4) organ
5) system
6) organismal
Components of the skeletal system
- bones
- joints
- associated cartilages
Functions of the skeletal system
- support and protect
- assists movement
- produces blood cells
- stores minerals and lipids
Components of the muscular system
-skeletal muscle
Functions of the muscular system
- movement
- stabilizes body position/posture
- generates heat
What is the arm?
Shoulder to elbow
What is the leg?
Knee to ankle
Layers of the skin (deep to superficial)
Basale Spinosum Granulosum Lucidum Cornem
Brent Spinner Gained Lieutenant Commander
Sebaceous glands
- oil glands
- absent in palms and feet
- release sebum
Functions of sebum
- keep hair from drying out
- keep skin soft and pilable
- inhibit growth of some bacteria
- prevent h2o evaporation from skin
Sudoriferous glands
-sweat glands
1) Eccrine
- present in most regions
- sweat consists of h2o, ions, urea, and ammonia
- helps regulate body temp
2) Apocrine
- present in axilla, groin, breast, face
- sweat contains lipids/proteins that are metabolized by bacteria (odor)
- start functioning around puberty
Functions of the integumentary system
- protection
- regulates body temp
- eliminates waste
- helps make vit D
- cutaneous sensation
Compact bone tissue
- stronger (protection, resists, stress)
- consists of tightly-packed concentrically arranged lamellae called osteons
Locations
- beneath the periosteum of all bones
- most of the diaphysis of long bones
Spongy (cancellous) Bone Tissue
- lighter (reduces weight of a bone)
- consists of irregular lamellae called trabeculae
Locations
- interior of short, flat, and irregular bones
- epiphysis of long bones
- medullary cavity (long bones)
4 types of cells present in bone tissue
1) osteogenic: act as stem cells
2) osteoblasts: produce extra cellular matrix
3) osteoclasts: break down extra cellular matrix
4) osteocytes: mature bone cells that maintain its metabolism
Red bone marrow
- composed of developing blood cells, adipocytes, and fibroblasts
- produces rbc, wbc, and platelets
- all newborn bone marrow is red
Yellow bone marrow
- composed mainly of adipose cells
- as a person ages, more bone marrow is converted to yellow
Skeletal muscle tissue
- usually attached to bones
- striated
- mainly voluntary (somatic nervous system)
- some involuntary control (ex. Breathing)
Cardiac muscle tissue
- wall of heart
- striated
- involuntary (automatic nervous system)
Smooth muscle tissue
- walls of hollow internal structures
- not striated
- involuntary (automatic nervous system)
