Module 1 DMS 200

Question 1

What does the Acoustic Power/Transmit Power do?

Answer 1

Controls the amount of energy the transducer transmits to the patient.

Question 2

What do Annotation Keys allow you to do?

Answer 2

Labeling of images

Question 3

What is the B-scale? What does the B stand for?

Answer 3

Gray Scale; Brightness

Question 4

What are Body Markers for?

Answer 4

Allow to show area of pain or affected area

Question 5

What are Calipers used for?

Answer 5

Used to measure distance on a scan

Question 6

What is the Cine Loop?

Answer 6

Sequence of Images (3-4 images)

Question 7

What is Depth?

Answer 7

Allows for more shallow or deeper view of a body part/area

Question 8

What is Dual Image?

Answer 8

Allows the screen to spilt into two screens in order to show comparison.

Question 9

Dynamic Range/Log Compression

Answer 9

Changes intensity of the ranges of the echoes

Question 10

What does Freeze do?

Answer 10

Real time images can start and stop with this button

Question 11

What does Gain do to the image on the US machine?

Answer 11

Adjusts the brightness of the image

Question 12

What level should the US screen be at when scanning?

Answer 12

Eye level

Question 13

What is the name of an injury where the nerve in the wrist is entrapped? What is the name of the nerve?

Answer 13

Carpal Tunnel; Median Nerve

Question 14

What is the name of an injury where the nerve in the elbow is entrapped? What is the name of the nerve?

Answer 14

Cubital Tunnel; Ulnar Nerve

Question 15

What should you do in the work environment to reduce low back compression?

Answer 15

Stand if necessary

Question 16

What angle should your arm be abducted during scans ?

Answer 16

30 degrees

Question 17

Finish the Statement:
You should hold the transducer _____ when scanning .

Answer 17

Close

Question 18

Anechoic has another term, what is it?

Answer 18

Sonolucent

Question 19

What color would an anechoic structure be? Example of anechoic structures.

Answer 19

Black; Vascular structures (veins, arteries) ,Bladder, gallbladder, amniotic cavity

Question 20

What is another term for Hyperechoic?

Answer 20

Echogenic

Question 21

What color would a Hyperechoic structure be? Examples of these structures?

Answer 21

White, bright color; Gallstone, bone, fat, fissures, ligaments, renal calyx

Question 22

What is enhancement in US? Why does this occur?

Answer 22

when a fluid filled (anechoic) structure is scanned, and creates an increased brightness beyond the posterior border. This makes deeper tissue look lighter. This occurs bc sound waves loose less energy when moving fluid.

Question 23

How many hours does a patient need to wait before eating prior to an abdominal US?

Answer 23

6-8 hours

Question 24

What does “Heterogenous” mean? Provide examples.

Answer 24

Not uniform in texture or composition; tumors, fibroids

Question 25

What does "Homogenous" mean? Provide examples.

Answer 25

Completely uniform in texture or composition; liver, testes

Question 26

What does "Hypoechoic" mean? Give examples.

Answer 26

Less echogenic than a hyperechoic structure. Gray, still dark, but not as dark as fluid filled structures; Lymph nodes, GI tract

Question 27

What does infiltrating do to organs and other systems?

Answer 27

Causes irregular borders, usually describing a disease process or metastatic disease or thrombus.

Question 28

What does "Isoechoic" mean?

Answer 28

A structure that it close to the same color as the normal parenchyma (tissue/area around it) echogenicity.

Question 29

What would a Loculated Mass look like under US?

Answer 29

Would have bright, definitive borders with internal echoes. May have a thin or thick wall

Question 30

What 3 structures must a mass have to be considered cystic?

Answer 30

Thin walls Through Transmission Echo Free (Anechoic)

Question 31

Criteria for describing a simple cyst.

Answer 31

Smooth Borders, anechoic, increased transmission

Question 32

Criteria for describing a hypoechoic mass.

Answer 32

Few to low-level internal echoes, smooth border, no increased transmission

Question 32

Criteria for describing a complicated cyst.

Answer 32

Mixed pattern of cystic and solid, fluid, debris, and blood; transmission may or may not increase

Question 33

Criteria for describing a lobulated cyst.

Answer 33

Well defined with thin septa, increased transmission

Question 34

Criteria for describing a loculated cyst.

Answer 34

Well defined with thick or thin septa

Question 35

Criteria for describing a abcess.

Answer 35

May have irregular borders , debris within, transmission may or may not be increased

Question 36

Criteria for describing a homogenous mass.

Answer 36

Uniform texture within

Question 37

Criteria for describing a heterogenous mass.

Answer 37

Nonuniform texture within

Question 38

Criteria for describing a infiltrating mass.

Answer 38

Distorted architecture, irregular borders, decreased transmission

Question 39

3 criteria for cysts

Answer 39

Echo free, thin walls, through transmission (ETT)

Question 40

Is there echoes inside a sonolucent structure?

Answer 40

No, there are no echoes (anechoic)

Question 41

What causes shadowing on objects?

Answer 41

Absorbed/Attenuated

Question 42

What word would be used to describe a sonographer who goes the "extra mile"?

Answer 42

Dedication

Question 43

What does acoustic power control

Answer 43

The amount of power that is transmitted into the patient

Question 44

What affects the brightness of the overall image?

Answer 44

Gain

Question 45

What do you use to measure structures?

Answer 45

Calipers

Question 46

If you wanted to show side by side images you'd use...?

Answer 46

Dual image

Question 47

When you're scanning the patient transverse, what side is the marker pointing?

Answer 47

The right side (of the patient, left side of the sonographer)

Question 48

What is your sample size?

Answer 48

The number of exams

Question 49

What is the "Gold Standard"?

Answer 49

The best and most accurate test, procedure or treatment for certain disease processes

Question 50

What is the term for when a disease is found with both the gold standard and non-invasive exam?

Answer 50

True Positive

Question 51

What is the term for when no disease process was found using the gold standard and non-invasive exam?

Answer 51

True Negative

Question 52

What is the term for when a disease process is suggested by the non-invasive exam, but not found by the golden standard?

Answer 52

False Positive

Question 53

What is the term for when a disease process is not found on the non-invasive exam, but found by the golden standard?

Answer 53

False Negative

Question 54

What does "Sensitivity" refer to?

Answer 54

The ability for the non-invasive exam to detect a disease

Question 55

What does "Specificity" refer to?

Answer 55

The ability for the non-invasive exam to detect a lack of disease

Question 56

What is a Positive Predictive Value? (PPV)

Answer 56

How often a non-invasive exam detects a positive disease

Question 57

What is a Negative Predictive Value? (NPV)

Answer 57

How often a non-invasive exam DOES NOT detect a disease process

Question 58

The non-invasive exam suggests that the disease is worse than the golden standard showed, this is called...?

Answer 58

Overestimation

Question 59

The non-invasive exam showed the disease process to be not as bad as the golden standard predicted, this is called...?

Answer 59

Underestimation

Question 60

What is a resource than can be used to help with protocols to scan?

Answer 60

American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM)

Question 61

What is another term for transverse?

Answer 61

Axial

Question 62

What parts of the body can be used as midline planes when scanning?

Answer 62

Xiphoid process, umbilicus, and symphysis pubis