Module 1 - Proteins

Question 1

an amino acid with only hydrogen and carbon atoms would be…

Answer 1

hydrophobic

Question 2

the hydroxyl group is ____ due to oxygen’s_____

Answer 2

polar; high electronegativity

Question 3

carbon skeletons can be one of three things

Answer 3

linear, branched, or ringed

Question 4

list the six functional groups:

Answer 4

amino, carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, sulfhydryl

Question 5

hydroxyl groups ____ solubility and are ____

Answer 5

increase; hydrophilic

Question 6

organic compounds with hydroxyl groups are ____

Answer 6

alcohols

Question 7

organic compounds with hydroxyl groups may act as____

Answer 7

weak acids

Question 8

list the characteristics of carbonyl groups:

Answer 8

polar, reactive, weakly basic, hydrophilic

Question 9

list the characteristics of carboxyl groups:

Answer 9

polar, hydrophilic

Question 10

describe the composition of an amino group:

Answer 10

nitrogen atom + two hydrogen atoms

Question 11

list the characteristics of amino groups:

Answer 11

polar, basic

Question 12

amino acids have both:

Answer 12

amino and carboxyl groups

Question 13

the bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires the ___

Answer 13

release of a water molecule

Question 14

what makes amino acids different from one another?

Answer 14

different side chains

Question 15

what is the basis of a peptide bond?

Answer 15

it is a covalent bond formed via a condensation reaction

Question 16

which polymers are composed of amino acids?

Answer 16

proteins

Question 17

which part of an amino acid is always acidic?

Answer 17

the carboxyl functional group

Question 18

which monomers make up RNA?

Answer 18

nucleotides

Question 19

true or false: enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions

Answer 19

true

Question 20

which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha-helix and the beta-pleated sheet structures of proteins?

Answer 20

hydrogen bonds

Question 21

the tertiary structures of a protein is the:

Answer 21

unique 3D shape of a fully folded polypeptide

Question 22

what would changing a single amino acid in a protein of 325 do to each level of the structure?

Answer 22

alter the primary, sometimes alter tertiary, sometimes alter function

Question 23

the structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the____

Answer 23

primary level

Question 24

a chemical that breaks disulfide bonds might destroy which level of protein structure?

Answer 24

tertiary

Question 25

how many amino acids are there?

Answer 25

20

Question 26

describe a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 26

breaks peptide bonds by adding water, releasing individual amino acids

Question 27

n-terminus

Answer 27

amino end; left

Question 28

c-terminus

Answer 28

carboxyl end; right

Question 29

the primary structure of a protein is:

Answer 29

a sequence of amino acids

Question 30

the secondary structure of a protein is:

Answer 30

the beginning of folding patterns stabilized by hydrogen bonds

Question 31

what are the types of secondary protein structures?

Answer 31

alpha helix - coiled; beta pleated sheet - linear/flat

Question 32

the tertiary structure of a protein is:

Answer 32

3D folding driven by R-group interactions

Question 33

the quaternary structure of a protein is:

Answer 33

only present in proteins with multiple polypeptide chains

Question 34

____ dictates function

Answer 34

form/structure

Question 35

define denaturation:

Answer 35

disruption of protein bonds causing unfolding and disfunction