Minerals: characteristics
a. Se- New zealand/china deficiency
b. Zn- lozenges
c. I- among top 3 nutrition deficiencies
Iron
2-5g iron in body
1. function/metabolic purposes
2. storage (liver) - storage as ferritin
3. Transport- from liver stores to bone marrow (RBC synthesis)
Stages of iron Depletion
- progressive decrease in liver stores
- exhastion of liver stores
- IDA: Iron deficient anemia
Iron Bioavailability
- total iron intake
- form of iron
- inhibitory compounds (decreased Fe absorption
- intake of other minerals
I iron chelating substances
-heme
- ascorbic acid
- amino acids
- sugars
II iron-complexing/precipitating substance
- phytates
- oxalates
-tannins
-phosphates
Calcium functions
-enzyme cofactor
-nerve conduction
- muscle contraction
- blood clotting
Calcium and bone health
Calcium Absorption: tend to absorb 30-50% Ca from foods
Calcium in bone: exists as a complex (hydroxyapatite)
Factors affecting calcium balance
- phosphorous (p)- widely found in diet (meat, colas, processed foods)
- Protein: excess animal protein excess loss of Ca from body
- Precipitating and chelating substances
- physical activity
- smoking
- alcohol
- salt
8 vegetables and fruit (potassium citrate)
Sodium Roles
- fluid balance
- muscle contraction
- nerve conduction
phytochemicals
not essential for life
- appear to be important for optimal health and chronic disease mitigation
Nutraceuticals
Pill/pardon- pharmacuticals
