Where is glycogen synthesized at?
muscle (release glucose for internal use)
liver (release glucose to bloodstream, brain)
What are the two types of bonds that glycogen consists of?
alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds
alpha 1-6 linked bonds
Where are the reducing and non-reducing ends of glycogen?
reducing end: carbon 1
non-reducing ends: carbon 4
Which anomer of glucose is in glycogen, and what are characteristics of the molecule?
alpha anomer, the alcohol group is on the opposite side of C6
Where does growth and breakdown of glycogen occur?
non-reducing ends
What is the first step of glycogen synthesis and the enzyme used?
glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate
enzyme: phosphoglucomutase
What is the second step of glycogen synthesis and the enzyme used?
G1P + UTP to UDP-Glucose +2Pi
What reaction is the second step of glycogen synthesis is coupled to?
UDP-glucose pyro phosphorylase hydrolysis
What enzyme catalyzes the initiation of a glycogen chain, and what amino acid does it utilize?
glycogenin, tyrosine
What substrate does glycogenin use?
UDP-glucose
After the initiation of glycogen extension, what enzyme and substrates are involved?
UDP-Glucose to glycogen +UDP
enzyme: glycogen synthase
What is the fourth step of glycogen synthesis?
generating branches
enzyme: glycogen branching
