1
Q
What are species concepts?
A
Definitions and frameworks used to categorize and understand different species.
2
Q
Define genetic diversity.
A
The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
3
Q
What is an ecoregion?
A
A region defined by its environmental conditions and biodiversity.
4
Q
What is a bioblitz?
A
An intense period of biological surveying in an area to record all living species.
5
Q
What does species diversity refer to?
A
The variety of species within a given ecosystem.
6
Q
What are Peace Parks?
A
Protected areas that span international borders to promote conservation and peace.
7
Q
What is Gorongosa?
A
A national park in Mozambique known for its biodiversity and conservation efforts.
8
Q
What does UN CBD stand for?
A
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
9
Q
Define ecological diversity.
A
The variety of ecosystems within a specific area.
10
Q
What is species richness?
A
The number of different species represented in a given ecological community.
11
Q
What are national monuments?
A
Protected areas designated by a government to preserve significant natural features.
12
Q
What are sacred forest groves?
A
Forested areas that are preserved for their spiritual significance.
13
Q
What does ‘claiming expertise’ refer to?
A
The act of asserting knowledge or skills in a particular field.
14
Q
Name the 5 major extinctions of species.
A
- Ordovician-Silurian extinction
- Late Devonian extinction
- Permian-Triassic extinction
- Triassic-Jurassic extinction
- Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction
15
Q
What is a biodiversity hotspot?
A
A biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is under threat from humans.
16
Q
What does population density measure?
A
The number of people living per unit of area.
17
Q
What is the 6th major extinction of species?
A
The ongoing extinction event caused primarily by human activities.
18
Q
What are mhondoro spirits?
A
Spiritual entities in certain African cultures associated with ancestors and nature.
19
Q
Define anthropogenic.
A
Resulting from the influence of human beings.
20
Q
What does sovereignty over bioresources mean?
A
The right of a state to control the use and management of its biological resources.
21
Q
What is the fortress narrative?
A
A conservation approach that emphasizes exclusion of people from protected areas.
22
Q
What is biogeography?
A
The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
23
Q
What is species banking?
A
The practice of preserving genetic material from various species for future use.
24
Q
What does hunting refer to in the context of biodiversity?
A
The pursuit and killing of wildlife for food, sport, or trade.
25
Fill in the blank: The concept of _______ refers to the idea of protecting half of the Earth for nature.
Half Earth
26
Who is Paul Ehrlich?
An ecologist known for his work on population studies and biodiversity.
27
What does CITES stand for?
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
28
What is Kruger Park?
A large game reserve in South Africa known for its wildlife and conservation efforts.
29
Define 'Nature in nationalism.'
The use of natural landscapes and resources to promote national identity.
30
What are spatial assumptions?
Preconceived notions about how space is organized and utilized.
31
What is political ecology?
The study of the relationships between political, economic, and social factors with environmental issues.
32
What are apolitical ecologies?
Environmental approaches that avoid political considerations.
33
What does 'ecoscarcity' refer to?
The scarcity of resources due to environmental degradation.
34
What are ‘forest islands’?
Isolated patches of forest surrounded by non-forest areas.
35
Define Savanna mosaic.
A landscape characterized by a mix of open grasslands and scattered trees.
36
What is UNCED?
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, also known as the Earth Summit.
37
Name two villages associated with Second Nature.
* Sandaya village
* Toly village
38
What are Aichi Biodiversity Targets?
A set of global targets aimed at improving biodiversity conservation.
39
What are Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs)?
Protected areas that span across national borders to enhance conservation efforts.
40
What are environmental interventions?
Actions taken to improve or restore environmental conditions.
41
What are tropes of celebrity environmentalism?
Common themes or narratives used by celebrities to promote environmental causes.
42
What is community conservation?
Conservation efforts that involve local communities in the management of natural resources.
43
What is wildlife habitat decline in Kenya?
The reduction of natural habitats for wildlife due to human activities.
44
What does political ecology as a ‘hatchet’ refer to?
Using political ecology to critique and dismantle existing power structures.
45
What does political ecology as a ‘seed’ signify?
Using political ecology to cultivate new ideas and practices for sustainable development.
46
What is poaching?
The illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals.
47
Define predation.
The preying of one animal on others.
48
What is a buffer zone?
An area that serves as a protective barrier around a conservation area.
49
What does mapping biodiversity involve?
The systematic recording of different species and their distributions.
50
What is Gorongosa coffee?
Coffee produced in the Gorongosa region, often linked to conservation efforts.
51
What is discourse analysis?
The study of language in use, particularly how it relates to power and social practices.
52
True or False: 'Overpopulation' is a term that refers only to human populations.
False
53
What is power relations in the context of ecology?
The dynamics of power among individuals and groups in environmental contexts.
54
What does naming something ‘natural’ or ‘unnatural’ imply?
It reflects subjective interpretations of ecological phenomena.
55
Define eugenics.
The study of or belief in the possibility of improving the human race by selective breeding.
56
What are keystone species?
Species that have a disproportionately large impact on their environment.
57
What does enclosure refer to in an ecological context?
The process of restricting access to commonly held resources.
58
What are geospatial technologies?
Tools and techniques that analyze spatial data.
59
What are celebrity animals?
Animals that gain fame due to their unique characteristics or conservation stories.
60
What are spatial representations?
Visual depictions of geographical information.
61
Who is Wangari Maathai?
An environmental activist known for her work in sustainable development and women's rights.
62
What is environmental governance?
The processes and institutions through which decisions about the environment are made.
63
What is the 'Yellowstone Creation Myth'?
The narrative surrounding the establishment of Yellowstone National Park as a model for conservation.
64
What is the American Museum of Natural History known for?
Its extensive collections and research in natural history and biodiversity.
65
What role do parks play in nationalism?
Parks can symbolize national identity and pride.
66
Who are guru celebrity environmentalists?
Famous individuals who advocate for environmental causes and influence public opinion.
67
What are ostensibly positive interventions?
Actions taken with the intent of improving environmental conditions, though their effectiveness may be questioned.
68
Define fortress conservation.
A conservation strategy that excludes human activities from protected areas.
69
What are charismatic species dioramas?
Exhibit displays that feature prominent and appealing animal species.
70
What are African sacred forest groves?
Forests in Africa that are protected due to their spiritual importance.
71
What is taxidermy?
The art of preserving animal bodies for display.
72
What is the US National Park System?
A network of protected areas in the United States managed for conservation and public enjoyment.
73
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?
A US president known for his conservation efforts and the establishment of national parks.
74
What is Tonga Torcida?
A cultural group known for its environmental activism.
75
What is the Endangered Species Act?
A US law aimed at protecting endangered and threatened species.
76
Who are Afrikaners?
A group of South Africans descended from Dutch settlers.
77
What does FRELIMO stand for?
Front for the Liberation of Mozambique.
78
What were the Boer Wars?
Conflicts between the British Empire and Afrikaner settlers in South Africa.
79
What does RENAMO stand for?
Mozambican National Resistance.
80
What is a population pyramid?
A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population.
81
Who is Raymond Pearl?
A biologist known for his work in population studies.
82
What does the Nature/Society binary refer to?
The conceptual division between natural and human-influenced environments.
83
What are composite portraits?
Artistic representations that combine features from multiple subjects.
84
Who is Alex Minna Stern?
A scholar known for her work on eugenics and social issues.
85
What is Live Aid?
A benefit concert aimed at raising funds for famine relief in Ethiopia.
86
What are cultures of conservation?
The diverse practices and beliefs surrounding environmental protection.
87
What is the Neo-Malthusian framework?
A perspective that emphasizes the relationship between population growth and resource scarcity.
88
What does diffusion, valuation, and modernization refer to?
Processes that influence how societies adopt and value environmental practices.
89
What are natural resource endowments?
The natural resources available to a region or country.
90
What is Gender and conservation?
The study of how gender influences environmental practices and policies.
91
What is satellite imagery used for?
Capturing images of the Earth from space for various analytical purposes.
92
What are counter-discourses?
Alternative narratives that challenge dominant perspectives.
93
What is the enclosure of peasant commons?
The privatization of common lands traditionally used by local communities.
94
What is the Principle of Population (1798)?
An essay by Thomas Malthus arguing that population growth will outpace food supply.
95
What is the Save the Redwoods League?
An organization dedicated to protecting California's redwood forests.
96
What are ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ eugenics?
* Positive eugenics: Encouraging reproduction among those considered 'fit'
* Negative eugenics: Discouraging reproduction among those considered 'unfit'
97
What is Garrett Hardin’s 1978 essay known for?
Discussing the concept of the 'tragedy of the commons.'
98
What was Portuguese colonial rule?
The period of Portuguese control over various territories, including parts of Africa.
99
What does Apartheid refer to?
A system of institutionalized racial segregation in South Africa.
100
What does Cold War fighting in Africa encompass?
The geopolitical conflicts influenced by the Cold War dynamics in African nations.
101
Who was Winston Churchill?
A British Prime Minister known for his leadership during World War II.
102
Who is E.O. Wilson?
An American biologist known for his work in ecology and sociobiology.
103
Who is Greg Carr?
A conservationist known for his work in Gorongosa National Park.
104
Who is Charles Darwin?
A naturalist known for his contributions to the theory of evolution.
105
Who is Francis Galton?
A scientist known for his work in eugenics and statistics.
106
Who is Madison Grant?
An American eugenicist and conservationist known for his influence on immigration policy.
107
What was the Poor Relief Act 1601?
An English law aimed at providing aid to the poor.
108
What is Populationism?
The belief that population growth is a primary factor in societal issues.
109
What is Legacy media?
Traditional forms of media, such as newspapers and television, that predate the digital age.
Global Environments & Cultures
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