Module 4

Question 1

Water governance

Answer 1

The political, social, economic, and administrative systems that determine how water is managed, distributed, and used.

Question 2

the site of massive nuclear waste from plutonium production, considered one of the most contaminated places in the U.S.

Answer 2

Hanford, WA

Question 3

gender inequality reinforced by water scarcity

Answer 3

Women and girls often bear the burden of water collection, reducing time for education, income, and rest.

Question 4

Modifiable Area Unit Problem (MAUP)

Answer 4

A spatial analysis issue where results change based on how boundaries or scales of geographic units are drawn.

Question 5

US EPA

Answer 5

Environmental Protection Agency; Regulates environmental protection, including water quality, pollution limits, chemicals, and drinking water safety.

Question 6

SDG 6

Answer 6

Global progress toward clean water and sanitation for all, including access, wastewater treatment, and water quality indicators.

Question 7

Eve Tuck

Answer 7

wrote ‘Suspending Damage: A Letter to Communities’; Critique of damage-centered research and advocacy for desire-based frameworks in Indigenous studies.

Question 8

groundwater

Answer 8

Water stored in underground aquifers, crucial for drinking, irrigation, and ecosystem support.

Question 9

time poverty

Answer 9

Lacking time for rest or opportunity due to unpaid labor burdens—often caused by long water-collection hours.; affects women more often than men; in sub-Saharan africa women spend a min of 16 million hours each day collecting drinking water (men: 6 mil, children: 4 mil) 40 billion woman-hours per year are spent fetching water in SSA alone

Question 10

sanitation access

Answer 10

Availability of safe toilets and waste systems that prevent disease and protect dignity.

Question 11

subsidy tracker

Answer 11

shows government financial support flows—often revealing how much goes to fossil fuels or industries affecting water systems.

Question 12

damage-centered research

Answer 12

Research that focuses on deficits, harm, or brokenness in communities—often stigmatizing them.

“Research that operates, even benevolently, from a theory of
change that establishes harm or injury in order to achieve
reparation.” (Tuck 2009)

Question 13

ecology establishment (eco-establishment)

Answer 13

Major, mainstream conservation organizations that have historically been elite, exclusionary, and sometimes colonial.

Question 14

Sierra Club & Audubon society

Answer 14

Influential U.S. conservation organizations, though criticized for exclusionary histories and prioritizing wilderness over people.;