What is globalization?
Process where similar economic, cultural, and political activities are stretched across the world
What has caused globalization?
Advancement in telecommunications and transportation
How does economic, political, and cultural patterns affect globalization?
The inrease trend towards the interconnectedness of the world
What is economic globalization?
Linking of production, markets, investment, trade, and finance form one area of the world to another
What is cultural globalization?
- Increasing movement of people, goods, and information across the world
- Results from homogenization of cultures
What contributes to homogenization?
- Access to international media
- Consumption of international goods
- Increased migration and mobility
What is political globalization?
International organizations and international agreements have linked different parts of the world politically
What are some examples of political globalization?
- International monetary fund
- World bank
- United nations
- World health organization
What is liberalism?
- Less government involvement
- Progressivism
- Freedom of choice
- Individualism
- Equality of opportunities
What is transnational corporations?
- 2 or more countries
- Dons
- Subway
What is the core-periphery concept?
- Hierarchial geographical structure
- Notion of hierarchy implies inequality
What is the important of the core-periphery concept historically?
- Core regions produced manufactured goods
- Peripheral regions exported raw materials
What is the importance of the core-periphery concept today?
- Core regions produce highre order services
- Peripheral regions produce manufactured goods and raw materials
What is the result of the core-periphery concept?
- Control global industrial output
- Regions supply cheaper labour
vailable in larger number of regions - core produces goods and commodities available in a small number of regions
- Periheral regions remain at a disadvantage and the core largely dictates terms of development
- Emergence of global network of cities
- Certain cities have become key nodes on this emerging network structure
What are the 4 levels of cities identified by geographers in modern cities?
- World cities
- Regional command and control centers
- Specialized producer-service centres
- Dependant centres
What happens ebcause of changes to national and international urban systems?
- Many industrial centers suffered decline
- Emergence of world cities are centres of business, culture, and politics
- World cities are centers of higher order producer services
What are the 5 categories of activity?
- Primary (cutting down wood, mining, fishing)
- Secondary (building furniture from the wood, factory)
- Tertiary (sales people, services, fast food, janitor)
- Quaternary (knowledge, information)
- Quinary (Management)
What are advanced producer services?
Producer scervices incluse very high value services, professional, creative, and financial
- Advertising, law, accounting, financial services, management consultancy
What are consumer services and producer services?
Industries in this sector can be divided into those servicing individuals and households, and those servicing businesses
What are global cities?
Principal cneter of global economic, cultural, and political power
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gamma
What are some examples of alpha cities?
- New York
- Chicago
- LA
- London
- Paris
- Milan
What are some examples of Beta cities?
- Toronto
- San Fran
- Mexico City
- Sao Paulo
- Madrid
What are some examples of gamma cities?
- Washington
- Dallas
- Rome
- Amsterdam
What are Markisen’s ‘sticky places’?
High valjue-added amd creative locations within or near core global cities
- Sustain and support continuous innovation and research and development through intense face to face and online
