What are the 2 functions of the economic base?
Basic sector
Non basic sector
What are basic sector jobs?
Those products or services of an urban economy that are exported outside of the city itself, earning income for the community (car parts from Honda in Allston)
- money flowing into the community
What are non basic sector jobs?
Those economic activities of an urban economy that supply the local population with goods and services and have no export implication
(Twigs, hair dresser)
- no new money
- responsible for the internal functioning of the urban unit
What is the ratio of nonbasic to basic jobs?
2:1
What is the multiplier effect?
The direct nd induced consequences of change in an activity
- the expected plus or minus of non basic workers to a cities total employment and population that accompanies new or lost basic sector employment
How does economic growth have a multiplier effect?
As a city adds basic sector employment, it will acquire people filling both basic and nonbasic sector positions, in addition to their dependants, fueling population growth
What was Walter christaller central place theory about?
Figure out why are big cities here and small cities there
- developed to explain the size and distribution of settlements based on their roles as marketplaces
- explain size, number, distribution, and spacing of towns
What were the geographic assumptions about Walter christaller central place theory?
- feature landscape
- uniform population distribution
- infinite plane
What were the behavioural assumptions about Walter christaller central place theory?
Consumers shop at the closest place possible
What is hexagonal market areas in Walter christaller central place theory?
- no areas unserved
- no areas served 2x
What are urban influence zones?
Areas outside a city that are affected by it
- usually proportional to size of the city
- urban influence is affected by distance decay
What is a central place?
A settlement mode whose primary function is to provide goods and services to the consuming population of its hinterland
What is a hinterland?
The area surrounding a service from which consumers are attracted
- closer to centre the more likely you are to use that service, more peripheral the more likely you are to go elsewhere
In the central place theory what is the established idea of urban hierarchy?
Low ordered
Hamlet - callander
Town - mattawa
City - north bay
Large city - Sudbury
Higher ordered
What are the two characteristics of goods and services?
Range
Threshold
What is range?
Distance people will travel to purchase a good - affected by price, transport cost, necessity of item, consumer tastes
What is threshold?
Number of people needed for a good or service to be provided
What is urban hierarchy?
A ranking of cities based on their size and functional complexity
What is the primacy ratio?
- ratio of the largest city in the country to the second largest city in the country
- indicates dominance
What is the rank-size rule?
Indicates change in population size and rankings of a country’s cities over time
What is the interpretation of rank size and primate rules?
Setup curve - primacy/dominance of the largest city
Flat curve - smaller population between the cities of a country
What are factors that encourage primacy?
Favourable initial advantages for the site
Advantages maintained and enhanced
Magnetic attraction for businesses, services, and people
Has parasitic effect, sucking wealth, atrial and Human Resources
What can a country to to improve rank-size distribution?
- limit the growth of the largest city
- permits to move there
- government can built new apartments, schools, shops, electricity, paved roads, sanitation’s
- give people greater access to services
What is a land use patterns of a city?
Cities are spatially structured to perform functions of commerce, production, residence
