What would a health care worker having no immunity to chicken pox need to do?
- Stay away from work for 10-21 days after exposure to a person with chicken pox
- They should be immunized
Tuberculosis has become a dreaded disease again because of what?
Some strains are antibiotic drug resistant
What is active immunity? How do we get it?
- Host is injected with antigen
- Used for long term prevention
What is passive immunity?
- Performed antibodies are given
- Used primarily for disease treatment
- Provides almost immediate protection
What is Rubella?
- Often is a mild, often asymptomatic, infection
- Infection in pregnant women that can result in fetal abnormalities
- Vaccine is a component of MMR
A Tuberculin skin test may be positive because of what?
- Tuberculosis vaccine
- Contact with tuberculosis patient
- An active case of tuberculosis
A heath care worker has just had a significant blood exposure from a patient with Hepatitis B. This means that they may have?
- Blood splashed in their eyes
- Poked themselves with a dirty needle
They usual way tubercle bacilli gain entry to the body is how?
By inhalation
What is toxoid used for?
Prepared by treating a bacteria exotoxin so it is no longer toxic
How is a vaccine prepared?
- A suspension of non-virulent virus
- Bacterial suspension that is altered so it is no longer pathogenic
Does a toxoid or vaccine confer passive immunity?
No
What are both Toxoids and vaccines used for?
To induce antibody production
Childhood immunization is usually not started before two months of age because of what?
The immune system does not respond well to antigen stimulation before this time, also they have mothers immunity from breast milk.
What can be said about IgM?
- It is the first antibody produced in the immune response
- Presences of this antibody indicates a current infection
What can be said about IgG?
- Presences of this antibody indicates past infection
- The antibody that remains years after exposure to antigen
Tuberculin testing is done when?
- At the start of employment in healthcare
- On a regular basis following the initial testing
- Following a known exposure
The usual scenario following inhalation of tubercle bacilli by immunocompetent individuals is what?
Growth of tubercle bacilli inhibited within two months and no disease
What is hepatitis B immunization?
- Requires three doses of vaccine
- Results in production of anti-HB in the blood
- Is not immediately protective
Which of the following factors may affect the immune response to antigen used in immunization?
- Age of the individual
- The route of administration
- Changes in the antigenic preparation used
Adult boosters shoots are recommended every ten years for what?
Tetanus and diphtheria
In immunization procedures, which of the following results in the least amount of antibody being produced?
The primary dose
Immunity a child gets from having chicken pox is what?
Naturally acquired, active immunity
When B cells of the immune system are stimulated by antigen, what happens?
Some of the cells become antibody producing plasma cells and others memory cells
Successful immunization to hepatitis B will result in the presence of the following blood test?
Hepatitis Bs antibodies
