Module 4 (ch. 17)

Question 1

Smallpox

Answer 1

could be used as a threat or spread on purpose to individuals

Question 2

Disaster

Answer 2

When destruction exceeds the ability of victims to respond effectively. Overwhelmed emergency response

Question 3

Natural Disasters

Answer 3

A disaster caused by natural events or brought on by nature

Question 4

Man-made disasters

Answer 4

Created by human activity; Includes shootings, bombings, riots, nuclear reactor meltdowns, industrial accidents, oil spills, construction accidents, and air, train, bus, and subway crashes.

Question 5

Combination Disaster

Answer 5

Man-made disasters often follow natural disasters.

Question 6

types of casualties - Casualty

Answer 6

1 person affected

Question 7

Types of casualties - Multiple-casualty

Answer 7

2 - 100 people affected

Question 8

Types of casualties - Mass -casualty

Answer 8

> 100 people affected

- mass casualty completely overwhelms the resources thus preparedness is essential.

Question 9

Scope

Answer 9

range of its effect f

Question 10

Intensity

Answer 10

Level of destruction and devastation it causes

Question 11

Example of high scope and low intensity

Answer 11

Earthquake that spreads across one state but the damage is low

Question 12

Example of low scope and high intensity

Answer 12

9/11 a small location but the impact was huge

Question 13

Persons impacted by disasters

Answer 13

Directly impacted
* Dead
* Survivor (with or without injuries)
* Displaced persons (Katrina victims brought to Conway)
* Refugee (having to flee homeland due to war or persecution)
Indirectly impacted
* extreme anguish ( 9/11)

Question 14

Disaster Contributing Factors

Answer 14

Host
Agent
Environment
examples on ppt

Question 15

Host

Answer 15

The human being who experiences the disaster (happening to them)

Question 16

Agent

Answer 16

Causes the disaster

Question 17

Environment

Answer 17

Potentially contribute to or mitigate a disaster

make the disaster worse or make a disaster better/manageable

Question 18

Agencies for disaster management

Answer 18

Department of Homeland Security

• FEMA - established in 1979 (federal emergency management agency)
• State and local (county) offices of emergency management
• OEM (office of emergency management)
  
  • Faulkner county; Pg: 484

Question 19

Phases of Disaster Management

Answer 19

1. Prevention (mitigation) - identify risks and implement programs to prevent disasters before they occur. example –
2. Preparedness – improving responses to disasters so effects are minimized - mock disaster drills, disaster plans
3. Response – immediate response - search and rescue, triage
4. Recovery – repair, rebuild, relocate, restore to health - reconstruction, government assistance to individuals, clean up

Question 20

CHN Role in Preventing Disaster (primary, secondary, tertiary)

Answer 20

Primary prevention: prevent disaster from every occurring
Secondary Prevention: early detection and treatment (immediate and effective response)
Tertiary Prevention: reduces amount and degree of disability or damage

Question 21

CHN Role in Preparing for Disasters

Answer 21

• Personal Preparedness
• Rebecca Anderson, OKC Bombing
• National Incident Management System (NIMS)
• Assessment
• Establishing authority, communication, & transportation
• Mobilizing, warning and evacuating

Question 22

National Incident Management System (NIMS)

Answer 22

A systemic, proactive approach to managing all threats and hazards. The goal to bring every group and agency together working in one common direction.

Question 23

CHN role in responding to mass/multiple casualty disasters

Answer 23

• rescue
• triage
• immediate treatment
• Care for the dead

Question 24

CHN Role for recovery

Answer 24

• long term treatment
• long term support
• need for self-care
• critical incident stress debriefing
• CISD provides relief workers with professional debriefing in small groups or individually and becomes a way to reconcile emotionally. This should be offered 24-72 hours after the incident. *

Question 25

Psychological Consequences

Answer 25

- Acute stress disorder (only lasts a month) - Depression - PTSD (know the symptoms)

Question 26

PTSD symptoms

Answer 26

flashbacks, and nightmares, irritable or aggressive behavior reckless or self-destructive behavior hypervigilance exaggerated startle response problems with concentration difficulty falling or staying asleep or restless sleep, persistent fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities feelings of detachment or estrangement from others persistent inability to experience positive emotions

Question 27

Psych (primary, secondary, tertiary)

Answer 27

Primary: teaching stress management and resilience Secondary: debriefing, crisis intervention (short-term, 6 weeks) Tertiary: Recognition and treatment for DSM -IV - TR's acute stress disorder or PTSD

Question 28

Terrorism - nuclear warfare

Answer 28

Nuclear bombs and other substances

Question 29

Terrorism - chemical warfare

Answer 29

- Explosives, nerve agents, blister agents, choking agents, and riot-control agents - Causes confusion, debilitation, death, and destruction

Question 30

Terrorism - Biologic warfare

Answer 30

- cause multiple illnesses and death - Categorized as A, B, or C agents (chart) - outcome: fear, death, destruction * the use of toxins of biological origin or microorganisms as weapons of war.*

Question 31

Terrorism

Answer 31

unlawful violence used to further political or social agendas

Question 32

CHN role in terrorism (primary, secondary, tertiary)

Answer 32

Primary prevention - Alert to surroundings and vigilant to report any suspicious activity - Disaster plan Secondary prevention - Recognize nuclear, chemical, and biological illnesses - Communicate effectively - Direct care of survivors Tertiary prevention - Coping and recovering from the aftermath - Dealing with the life-long fear which follows

Question 33

Become prepared by....

Answer 33

Now - Online course (4 FEMA courses) - Volunteer as a victim - Volunteer for the American Red Cross or Medical Reserve Corps As an RN - Register with the Arkansas Volunteer Registry - Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) - Become a public health nurse