Module 5.1 - 5.3

Question 1

What is social reform?

Answer 1

improve societal conditions, focusing on eliminating injustices and inequalities.

1. prohibiting child labor,
2. limiting women’s working hours,
3. advocating for women’s suffrage.

Question 2

What are some of the moral reform Acts?

Answer 2

• WCTU
• Salvation Army
• Anti-Saloon League
• Social Gospel Movement

Question 3

What are the three economic reforms?

Answer 3

1. monopolies and trusts,
2. improving unsafe working conditions,
3. reducing the influence of large corporations in society.

Question 4

What is the 17th Amendment?

Answer 4

in 1913, the people of each state allowed the direct election of senators, rather than their appointment by state legislatures.

Question 5

Who is Louis Brandeis

Answer 5

• He advocated for social and economic reform
• factual data in legal arguments, notably in the case of Muller v. Oregon.

Question 6

Who is Frederick Taylor?

Answer 6

• principles of scientific management (“Taylorism”)
• improving efficiency by optimizing the workflow process

Question 7

What did Henry Ford do to improve his company and employees?

Answer 7

• assembly line production method
• a $5 per day wage.
• shorter workdays and higher wages for workers.

Question 8

How did the YMCA protect social welfare?

Answer 8

• community support networks
• educational and recreational facilities
• promoting healthy living, and contributing to societal well-being.

Question 9

What did Florence Kelley do?

Answer 9

• advocating for labor laws,
• prohibiting child labor and limiting women’s working hours,
• helped pass the Illinois Factory Act in 1893.

Question 10

What did the Women’s Christian Temperance Union want to accomplish?

Answer 10

• stop alcohol consumption
• supported Prohibition
• advocating for women’s rights, including suffrage, and other moral reforms.

Question 11

Who were Francis Willard and Carrie Nation?

Answer 11

• Francis Willard, the president of the WCTU, expanded social reforms.
• Carrie Nation, confrontational approach, vandalized saloons.

Question 12

What is the Compromise of 1877?

Answer 12

• awarded the presidency to Rutherford B. Hayes
• for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South,
• effectively ending Reconstruction.

Question 13

Who was Booker T. Washington?

Answer 13

• Founded the Tuskegee Institute
• self-reliance for African Americans,
• emphasizing gradual progress and accommodation

Question 14

What did Southern states do after Reconstruction to control African Americans?

Answer 14

• poll taxes
• literacy tests, and grandfather clauses
• institutionalized racial segregation and inequality.

Question 15

What were turn-of-the-century racial etiquettes?

Answer 15

• unwritten rules and societal norms
• requiring African Americans to do the following,
• stepping off sidewalks
• not making eye or
• shaking hands of white people

Question 16

What was the 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson case?

Answer 16

Supreme Court that upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.

until overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.

Question 17

Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?

Answer 17

• The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard
• Co-founded the NAACP and
• led the Niagara Movement, advocating for civil rights, social equality, and higher education for African Americans.

Question 18

During Reconstruction, what did the KKK do?

Answer 18

• emerged as a violent organization,
• suppressing African Americans and their allies through intimidation and violence,
• opposing policies aimed at establishing equality for former slaves.

Question 19

What were some of the things Southern states did to control African Americans after Reconstruction?

Answer 19

• Jim Crow laws to enforce racial segregation
• poll taxes
• literacy tests to disenfranchise African American voters.

Question 20

What is de jure segregation?

Answer 20

De jure segregation refers to racial segregation enforced by law, exemplified by Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States.

Question 21

What is de facto segregation?

Answer 21

• refers to racial segregation that occurs not by law,
• but due to social, economic, and geographic conditions, and individual choices and prejudices.

Question 22

Who were Stephen A. Douglas and John C. Breckinridge?

Answer 22

• Stephen A. Douglas was a Northern Democrat who advocated for popular sovereignty in all territories.
• John C. Breckinridge was a Southern Democrat who wanted the full expansion of slavery to California.

Question 23

What is the 13th Amendment?

Answer 23

The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

Question 24

What is the 14th Amendment?

Answer 24

The 14th Amendment grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and guarantees equal protection under the law.

Question 25

Who was Andrew Johnson?

Answer 25

- became president after Abraham Lincoln’s assassination and - faced controversy over his approach to Reconstruction - clashing with the Radical Republicans over civil rights and treatment of the Southern states.

Question 26

What is the 15th Amendment?

Answer 26

The 15th Amendment prohibits the government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 27

What is the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

Answer 27

- aimed to ban racial discrimination in public accommodations - declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883.