Module 7

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

organisms with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than other organisms

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

change in frequency of traits in a population

Question 3

Traits

Answer 3

introduced by random mutations

Question 4

Selective pressures in the environment

Answer 4

determine which traits confer a survival advantage

Question 5

What are antibiotics

Answer 5

any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria, or outright kills them

Question 6

How does most antibiotics work

Answer 6

by disabling a necessary component of bacterial cells that is not found in animal cells

Question 7

Bacteria

Answer 7

• unicellular organisms
• prokaryotic cells (simple cells with no nucleus)
• reproduce by binary fission
• fastest reproducing organisms- double every 4-20 mins

Question 8

Charles Darwin natural selection idea (4)

Answer 8

1. variation
2. inherited
3. overpopulation
4. limited resources

Question 9

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 9

evolution by natural selection can result in populations of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics

Question 10

The Theory of Evolution

Answer 10

• all living species have descended from common ancestor species, each new species have accumulated modifications that helped them survive in their habitat
• this is the unifying theory of biology and explains both the diversity and unity of life on earth

Question 11

Artificial selection (selective breeding)

Answer 11

breeders select parents with specific traits to promote desired traits in future generations

Question 12

Genetic drift

Answer 12

change in a frequency of traits in a population when survival and reproduction is due to chance alone

Question 13

Bottleneck effect

Answer 13

population drastically reduced in numbers

Question 14

Gene flow

Answer 14

exchange of genetic info between populations due to migration

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

change in DNA sequence of an organism