What is meat?
Skeletal muscle and associated tissues harvested for human consumption from mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish
What are the two main types of meat?
Unprocessed and processed
What is unprocessed meat?
Fresh meat that hasn’t been altered by a preservation methods
What is processed meat?
Meat altered through salting, curing fermentation, or smoking to enhance flavour or preservation
Examples of processed meats
Ham, bacon, salami, sausages
What gives red meat, its color?
Myoglobin, which is a protein that stores, oxygen in muscle
Example, examples of red meat
Beef, pork, lamb, horse, goat, and mutton
Examples of white meat
Poultry, such as chicken and turkey
Is fish, red or white meat?
Sometimes called white meat, but nutritionally it’s distinct from poultry
What is poultry
Any domesticated birds raised for their meat, eggs or feathers like chicken, turkeys, ducks, and geese
Why do humans eat meat from a cultural perspective?
It’s central, too many traditional, cuisines, and curious, cultural and social significance
How long have humans eaten meat?
Archeological evidence shows humans have eaten meat for hundreds of thousands of years
What type of eaters are humans?
Omnivores we eat both plant and animal foods
What vitamins are found in meat?
Vitamin B3 (niacin), Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12
What minerals are found in meat?
Zinc, selenium, and heme iron
What type of protein does meat provide?
High-quality complete protein containing all denying essential amino acids. The body cannot make on its own.
What are essential amino acids?
Nine amino acids that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce them itself
What are non-essential amino acids?
Amino acids that the body can make on its own
Why is animal protein complete?
Because it contains all the nine essential amino acids in sufficient amounts
Why are plant proteins considered incomplete?
They often lack one or more essential amino acids
What are common limiting amino acids in plants?
Lysine in wheat, rice, corn
Methionine/cysteine in legumes
Lysine or methionine in tree nuts
How can vegetarians get complete protein?
Combine complementary proteins (legumes + whole grains)
What is heme iron at its risk?
It’s found in red meat and it’s risk is that it can oxidize LDL cholesterol which is a arthrosclerosis risk
What is L-carnitines risk?
Raises triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol contributing to heart disease
