NuFs 223 > Module Two > Flashcards

Module Two Flashcards

(69 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Why is it important for dieticians and food professionals to understand religious dietary practises?

A

-to meet integrated competencies for diabetic education and practice

-develop food products without violating restrictions (no pork in canned beans to cater to a larger market like Muslims and Jews)

-market foods to wider audiences (Halal/kosher certification)

-provide inclusive food services (catering)

-improve dietary counselling (kosher “ Parvey” labels help vegans

-study natural experiments on health outcomes (vegetarianism among Hindus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which religions are Abraham and where did they originate?

A

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and they all originated in the Middle East

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which religions are eastern (Dharmic) and where did they originate?

A

Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and the all originated in India

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the shared tenants of the Abraham religions?

A
  1. Monotheism (belief in one God)
  2. God is omnipotent/omniscient (all powerful, and all knowing )
  3. Human humans obey divine commands.
  4. Accountability for actions
  5. Preparing for eternal life.
  6. Sacred texts with overlapping but differently interpreted messages.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main spiritual focus of eastern dharmic religions?

A

Liberation of the soul from suffering and rebirth through right living, karma, reincarnation, ahisma (nonviolence, esp Hindus), and metta (loving-kindness, esp buddhists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the five major rules of food in religion?

A
  1. Communication with God (saying grace before meals)
  2. Demonstrate faith by following divine dietary rules (Ex: not mixing meat and milk in Judaism)
  3. Divine self discipline through fasting (Ramadan)
  4. Attain salvation/liberation) (Hindu lacto vegetarian diet)
  5. Unite the faith community (shared meals at Passover, Eid, Christmas)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the difference between fasting and abstinence?

A

Fasting= partial or total avoidance of food/liquids (Ramadan)

Abstinence = avoidance of specific foods (Catholics, avoiding meat on Fridays in lent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do religious groups fast?

A

To develop discipline, reject worldliness, deepen spirituality, show devotion, or gain blessings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes a mammal kosher, give examples

A

It must chew cud (partly digested food from stomach returns as ruminant to mouth for further chewing), and have split hooves

Ex: cattle, sheep, deer

NOT PIGS, CAMELS, RABBITS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which birds and aquatic animals are kosher?

A

Birds: non-predatory domesticated birds (chicken, turkey, duck goose)

Fish: must have fins and scales to be kosher (salmon, tuna)

Not kosher: shellfish, catfish, lobster, shark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is parva food give an example?

A

Neutral foods, they contain neither meat nor dairy

Ex: eggs, fish, fruits, grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What Jewish law, prohibits, mixing meat and milk?

A

“Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk”

-requires waiting between eating meat and dairy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What foods are prohibited during Passover? What is eaten instead?

A

Leavened grains (bread, bread, barley, rye, oats, spelt) and they’re replaced with matzo (unleavened, wheat crackers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the requirements for? Zabihah (ritual slaughter in Islam)?

A

It has to be performed by a Muslim, a sharp knife must separate trachea, esophagus, cartoid, jugular in one motion, blood must be drained, “ in the name of Allah” must be recited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which animals are Halal and which are Haram?

A

Halal: Animals with split hooved ruminants (cow sheep, goat deer), poultry (chicken,duck), all fish, locusts

Haram: pork, improperly slaughtered animals, blood, alcohol gelatin, L-cysteine: (amino acid used as dough, conditioner and baked goods, it’s Haram if it’s sourced from pig, bristles, and human hair)
Swine and pork containing ingredients (bacon, ham, pepperoni), Rennet (enzyme from animal stomachs made for cheese making)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are two major feast days in Islam and what do they commemorate?

A

Eid Al fitr: celebrates end of Ramadan (breaking the fast, sweets, community meals)

Eid Al Adha: festival of sacrifice, commemorating prophet Ibrahim; animals are slaughtered and meat shared among family community and poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who is exempt from Ramadan fasting

A

Children elderly, ill, pregnant woman, menstruating women those in hard labour

Exempt adults must make up fast or feed the poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of vegetarianism is often promoted in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism?

A

Lacto vegetarianism (plant based + dairy), meat and eggs are avoided because the harm spiritual development and conflict with ahisma/metta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do eastern religious concepts, like karma and reincarnation affect dietary choices?

A

Good dietary choices (like non-violence in eating) improve rebirth or aid liberation from the cycle of reincarnation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What controversies surround meat from ritually slaughtered animals (kosher/Halal)?

A

Debate around animal welfare (pre-tanning not allowed in kosher), labelling transparency, and public misunderstanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How are religious food labels, useful beyond religious context?

A

Kosher/Halal labels help vegans/vegetarians and people with allergies avoid unwanted ingredients

Ex: parvae = no dairy/meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Kashrut?

A

Set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how they must be prepared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does kosher mean?

A

“Fit” or “ proper for use”

Permitted food item; foods that may be consumed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does glatt kosher mean?
Strictest kosher standards are used in obtaining and preparing the food Animals lungs were carefully inspected to make sure they were perfectly healthy and smooth
26
Why aren’t pigs kosher?
Pigs are not kosher because they only have split hose and they do not chew their cud
27
Which birds are kosher, and which birds are not kosher
Birds of prey, like eagles and hawks that have grasping claws are not kosher Chicken, ducks, turkey, and geese (domesticated birds) are kosher
28
Which fish are culture and why?
Fish that have scales and fins are kosher like tuna and salmon
29
How is meat prepared to kosher standards?
For me to be kosher, the animal must be slaughtered in a special painless weight and only a trained butcher can do this (shocet) 1. Meat is washed 2. Soaked for half an hour. 3. Salted with kosher salt (non-iodized) 4. And then washed again to drain off all the blood. Only applies to birds and mammals
30
How do people know the food they buy is kosher
Do you know the food is kosher because it will have reliable kosher symbols like U, glatt kosher, parvae
31
What is the slaughter and preparation of Kosher animals?
slaughtering is by a trained individual who is also a practising Jew (shocet) Entire slaughter area is blessed Trachea, esophagus, jugular vein cartoned artery, severed without damaging the spinal cord using a long, sharp knife Animal cannot be pre stunned Must be unblemished with no disease, lungs are inspected to make sure they are smooth and disease-free This only applies to birds and mammals not to fish or locusts
32
What are the forbidden parts of a permitted mammal in kosher?
Sciatic nerve cannot be consumed Typically hindquarter is not consumed Fat around the stomach in signs organs, kidneys and liver is forbidden, thus suet and tallow are not kosher Rule does not apply to birds or fish
33
34
How many hours must a person wait after eating meat to consume dairy?
Six hours
35
After eating dairy products, how long must a person wait before eating meat?
One hour
36
What is a kosher kitchen?
Two sets of dishes and cookware are required to prevent contamination Sometimes a kitchen even has two sets of sink, stoves, ovens, and microwaves so meat and dairy never mix
37
What is a rule about grape juice and its products?
Fresh grapes are kosher Grape juice and its products are only kosher if produced by Jews (wines, balsamic vinegar, jams, jellies
38
What is Passover?
An eight day festival of spring and freedom Food must be kosher for Passover No food that is leavened with yeast can be eaten
39
What is ahisma and who is it practised by?
Non-violence against all life forms, and this is practised by Hindus Gandhi also promoted this
40
What is metta? And who practises this?
Loving kindness toward all living things, and it’s practised by Buddhists
41
What are dietary practises of Dharmic religions?
Hinduism: lacto vegetarianism promoted Buddhism: some lacto vegetarian Sikhism: some lactovegetarian
42
How do you obtain salvation/liberation in Dharmic religions?
A diet of grains, legumes, vegetables, fruit and dairy products are consumed The principle of non-violence (ahisma) or loving kindness (metta) applies to animals The belief that meat and eggs are detrimental for spiritual development
43
Give an example of religious food symbolism
During Passover, each item on the passover plate has special significance to the retailing of a historical event (slavery in Egypt)
44
What are the top five world religions?
Christianity Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism
45
Why is anaemia one possible health problem associated with Jewish and Islamic slaughtering rules?
Because during ritual slaughter, blood is completely drained from the carcass. Blood is rich in iron, so this reduces the iron content of the meat, raising risk of iron deficiency anaemia
46
Why is excessive sodium consumption one possible health problem associated with Jewish meat preparation?
Jewish dietary law requires that meat be salted to draw out remaining blood. This increases the sodium content of the meat.
47
Who must follow the Jewish dietary law, called Kashrut?
Religious, especially orthodox Jews, who observe Kashrut
48
For an orthodox Jew, which food category cannot be eaten with poultry as well as red meat at the same meal
Dairy products
49
Why do orthodox Jewish homes have at least two sets of dishes
To keep meat and dairy completely separate since they cannot be eaten or prepared together
50
Which factors other than diet could explain why religious people are healthier than non-religious people?
Strong social support, less smoking, and alcohol use, stress reduction, and structured lifestyle
51
For Catholics, is fasting going without food completely or avoid avoiding some food
Avoid avoiding some foods (abstaining from meat on Fridays, limiting meals during lent)
52
For orthodox Christians is fasting going without food completely or avoiding some food?
avoiding some foods- especially animal products like meat, fish, and dairy
53
Which type of vegetarianism is followed by most Seventh-Day Adventists
Lacto-ovo-vegetarianism (no meat, but dairy and eggs are allowed)
54
Why does red meat prepared for consumption by Jewish contain less iron than red meat prepared for consumption by Muslims
Because Jewish preparation requires both draining of blood and salting which removes iron rich blood, lowering iron content
55
Which non-dietary risk factors for vitamin D deficiency do Muslim women have?
They often wear concealing clothing and may avoid an exposure, reducing vitamin vitamin D synthesis
56
Why does red meat prepared for consumption by Jews contain more sodium than red meat prepared for consumption by Muslims?
Because of the salting process required to remove blood
57
During the month of Ramadan, when do Muslims fast
From sunrise to sunset each day
58
During Ramadan, why don’t all Muslims fast for the same number of hours?
Because the length of daylight various by geographic location and season
59
Which religion considers colostrum to be harmful to the newborn infant
Hinduism (some Hindu’s traditionally view it as impure)
60
Which type of vegetarianism is practised by Hindus’s?
Lacto vegetarianism (no meat to fish or eggs, but dairy is allowed)
61
Why are devoute Hindu woman at risk for iron deficiency anemia?
Because they avoid meat (a major source of iron) and may have high iron needs due to menstruation and childbirth
62
What type of vegetarianism is practiced by devout sikhs?
Lactovegetarianism (dairy is allowed, but no meat, fish or eggs
63
What type of vegetarianism is practised by Buddhist nuns and monks?
Strict vegetarianism (no animal flesh, in some traditions for veganism
64
Which types of meat is avoided by sikhs?
Beef (sacred to Hindus) and Halal/kosher meat rejected due to ritual slaughter
65
Which type of meat included in the traditional Chinese diet would not be consumed by Jews, Muslims, or Seventh-day Adventists?
Pork
66
Would it be common for an orthodox due to each red meat and fish together at the same meal?
No, this is unusual, it’s not prohibited in the holy books, but it’s not a common practice to combine red meat with chicken or fish at meal time in kosher homes
67
What are individuals who strictly practice a religion called?
Orthodox, adherents, devout, observant
68
What are individuals who do not adhere to a religious faith called?
secular, humanist (human centred), agnostic, or an atheist
69
What are the three branches of Christianity?
Catholic Eastern orthodox Protestant: -seventh day Adventist -Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day Saints
NuFs 223
flashcards
Decks in class (14)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions