Module 8: Practice Quiz

Question 1

In a software defined networking, every device (switch, router, middlebox, etc.) must be able to make decisions in the forwarding process.

T/F

Answer 1

False

This statement is incorrect as the forwarding decisions are typically centralized.

Question 2

The transition to IPv6 would be faster with a software defined networking paradigm compared to a conventional networking paradigm.

T/F

Answer 2

True

Software defined networking allows for more agile and flexible network management.

Question 3

An OpenFlow switch may also be used for routing.

T/F

Answer 3

True

OpenFlow switches can perform routing functions in addition to their primary role.

Question 4

The management plane ——- a network policy:

Answer 4

Defines

The management plane is responsible for defining policies that govern network behavior.

Question 5

The control plane —— a network policy.

Answer 5

Enforces

The control plane is tasked with enforcing the policies defined by the management plane.

Question 6

The data plane —— a network policy.

Answer 6

Executes

The data plane executes the actions defined by the control plane.

Question 7

Load balancing is only possible with software defined networking.

T/F

Answer 7

False

Load balancing can be implemented in both traditional and software defined networking environments.

Question 8

In software-defined networking, integrations of networking applications are smoother. For example, load balancing and routing applications can be combined sequentially.

Describe a scenario where routing would take precedence over load balancing, and vice versa.

Answer 8

For example, in a network with high traffic volume and complex routing requirements, routing policies may take precedence over load balancing. Conversely, in a network with high availability requirements, load balancing may be a higher priority.

Question 9

In conventional networking, which device can implement an intrusion detection system (IDS)?
Switches
- Routers
- Middleboxes
- All of the above

Answer 9

Middleboxes

Middleboxes are specialized devices that can implement IDS among other functions.

Question 10

The northbound interfaces separate the…

Answer 10

Management plane and control plane

Northbound interfaces facilitate communication between the management and control planes.

Question 11

The southbound interfaces separate the…

Answer 11

Data plane and control plane

Southbound interfaces connect the control plane to the data plane.

Question 12

OpenFlow is used in the ——– plane, and it is an example of a —– interface.

Answer 12

Data,southbound

Question 13

What action does an OpenFlow device take when an incoming flow does NOT match any rules in any of the flow tables in the pipeline?

Answer 13

Sends a message to the controller

This allows the controller to decide how to handle unmatched packets.

Question 14

Which type of message sent by an OpenFlow device to the network OS allows for quality of service (QoS) policies to be implemented?

Answer 14

Flow statistics

Flow statistics provide necessary data for QoS policy implementation.

Question 15

Which type of message would be sent by an OpenFlow device to the network OS when it receives new routing information?

Answer 15

An event-based message

Event-based messages notify the network OS of changes in routing.

Question 16

A network controller prioritizes the rules generated by various services.

T/F

Answer 16

True

Prioritization is essential for effective network management.

Question 17

Which SDN architecture provides the best throughput?

Answer 17

A distributed controller with a centralized cluster of nodes

This architecture optimizes performance and throughput.

Question 18

Which SDN architecture provides the highest level of fault tolerance?

Answer 18

A distributed controller with a physically distributed set of elements

This architecture minimizes the impact of failures.

Question 19

Which SDN architecture has the strongest consistency semantics?

Answer 19

A centralized controller

Centralized controllers ensure consistent policy enforcement.

Question 20

How does ONOS handle faults?

Answer 20

If an ONOS instance fails, the other instances elect a new master for each of the switches that were previously controlled by the failed instance.

This ensures continued operation and management of the network.

Question 21

The P4 programming language can also be used with a conventional network paradigm.

T/F

Answer 21

False

P4 is specifically designed for programmable data planes in SDN.

Question 22

The P4 language is being developed as a replacement for OpenFlow.

T/F

Answer 22

False

According to the paper,P4 is a strawman proposal for how OpenFlow should evolve in the future.

Question 23

The P4 language allows programmers to use multiple header fields to parse, match, and perform actions on packets.

T/F

Answer 23

True

This flexibility is one of P4’s key features.

Question 24

The P4 language is used to program the ——- plane.

Answer 24

Data

P4 is specifically designed for programming the data plane.

Question 25

A multiport switch and a SmartNIC are two devices that can be programmed using P4. This is possible to which of the three primary goals of the language?

Answer 25

Target independence ## Footnote Target independence allows P4 to be used across various hardware platforms.

Question 26

The forwarding model used by **P4** is a pipeline. | T/F

Answer 26

True ## Footnote The pipeline model allows for efficient packet processing.

Question 27

The **match+action tables** in P4 are more flexible than those in the current version of OpenFlow. | T/F

Answer 27

True ## Footnote This flexibility allows for more complex packet processing.

Question 28

What are the two operations in the **P4 forwarding model**?

Answer 28

* Configure * Populate ## Footnote These operations are essential for defining how packets are processed.

Question 29

Most **SDN applications** can be grouped into one of the five categories: traffic engineering, mobility and wireless, measurement and monitoring, security and dependability, and data center networking. Classify each application into an appropriate category. 1. Load Balancing: 2. Interference management: 3. Traffic matrix estimation tool: 4. Optimize network utilization: 5. Minimizing power consumption: 6. DoS attack mitigation:

Answer 29

1. Load Balancing: Traffic engineering 2. Interference management: Mobility and wireless 3. Traffic matrix estimation tool: Measurement and monitoring 4. Optimize network utilization: Data center networking 5. Minimizing power consumption: Traffic engineering 6. DoS attack mitigation: Security and dependability ## Footnote This classification helps in understanding the focus of various SDN applications.

Question 30

The **SDX architectures** provide which of the following benefits?

Answer 30

It provides an AS more flexibility for managing traffic.

Question 31

In the **SDX architecture**, each participant AS must use the same network applications for traffic engineering. | T/F

Answer 31

False ## Footnote Different AS can implement diverse applications tailored to their needs.

Question 32

In the **SDX architecture**, two autonomous systems can choose to only exchange video traffic. | T/F

Answer 32

True ## Footnote This flexibility allows for tailored traffic management between AS.

Question 33

Which of the following are applications of the **SDX architecture**? * Inbound traffic engineering * Wide-area server load balancing * Redirection of traffic through middleboxes * All of the above

Answer 33

All of the above ## Footnote These applications demonstrate the versatility of SDX in managing network traffic.