Motion Dynamics

Question 1

Physiological Barrier

Answer 1

limit of active motion

Question 2

Elastic Range

Answer 2

range between the physiologic and anatomic barrier (end of passive motion)

Question 3

Anatomic Barrier

Answer 3

limit imposed by anatomic structure; the limit of PROM without breaking/straining/spraining anything

Question 4

Restricitve Barrier

Answer 4

functional limit that abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range (b/c of SD);

Question 5

Coronal/Front/Lateral

Answer 5

bisects the body into front and back halves

Question 6

Sagittal/Antero-posterior

Answer 6

bisects the body into right and left halves

Question 7

Horizontal/Transverse

Answer 7

divides the body into superior and inferior halves

Question 8

ROM Planes: Sagittal/AP

Answer 8

flexion, extension

Question 9

ROM Planes: Frontal/Coronal

Answer 9

side-bending, abduction, adduction

Question 10

ROM Planes: Horizontal/Transverse

Answer 10

rotation

Question 11

Types of Synovial Joints

Answer 11

• Pivot Joint: C1-C2
• Ball and Socket Joint: hip joint
• Condyloid Joint: radius and carpal bones
• Plane Joint: between tarsal bones
• Saddle Joint: between trapezium and 1st metacarpal bone
• Hinge Joint: elbow

Question 12

Components of Motion

Answer 12

• Direction: flexion, extension, sidebending, rotation
• Range: actual measurements in degrees
• Quality: smooth = normal, ratcheting (parkinsons disease), restricted = contracture or SD, exhibiting resistance to the motion induced (ex. Cerebral Palsy)

Question 13

End Feel of ROM

Answer 13

• Elastic: like rubber band
• Abrupt: OA or hinge joint
• Hard: somatic dysfunction
• Empty: stops due to guarding (intentionally done by patient)
• Crisp: involuntary muscle guarding as in pinched nerve

Question 14

Flexibility Definition

Answer 14

ROM in a joint or group of joints or the ability to move joints effectively through a complete ROM

Question 15

Flexibility: Static

Answer 15

maximal ROM a joint can achieve with an externally applied force (occurs when holding at a barrier and stopping)

Question 16

Flexibility: Dynamic

Answer 16

ROM an athlete can produce and speed at which they can produce it

Question 17

Flexibility: Stiffness

Answer 17

reduced ROM of a joint or group of joints

Question 18

Does Active or Passive ROM have the greatest range?

Answer 18

Passive

Question 19

___ Spine displays the most motion

Answer 19

Cervical (C1-C7)

Question 20

Functional Unit of Spine

Answer 20

two vertebrae, their associated disc, neurovascular, and other soft tissues

Question 21

Coupled Motion

Answer 21

consistent association of a motion along or about one axis, with another motion about or along a second axis; the principle motion cannot be produced without the associated motion occurring as well

Question 22

Linkage

Answer 22

• relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures
• by linking multiple structures together you will get increased ROM (ex. shoulder-spine, spine-hip/pelvis)

Question 23

Ehler-Danlos Syndrome

Answer 23

• collagen dysfunction
• joint hypermobility
• stretchy skin
• distinct lack of ROM barrier
• diagnosed using Brighton Criteria – must have 4/9

Question 24

Somatic Dysfunction

Answer 24

the impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (bodywork) system including the skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structures, and their related vascular, lymphatic and neural elements

Question 25

Skeletal Dysfunction

Answer 25

- hard end point - Ex. OA, RA, somatic dysfunction

Question 26

Myofascial Dysfunction

Answer 26

- tight, elastic end point - Ex. scar tissue, somatic dysfunction

Question 27

Arthrodial Dysfunction

Answer 27

- hard end point - Ex. OA, RA, somatic dysfunction

Question 28

Vascular Dysfunction

Answer 28

- empty end feel - Ex. peripheral vascular disease, thoracic outlet syndrome, somatic dysfunction

Question 29

Lymphatic Dysfunction

Answer 29

- empty or boggy end feel - Ex. lymphedema, visceral dysfunction (CHF), acute injury, somatic dysfunction

Question 30

Neural Dysfunction

Answer 30

- crisp or empty end feel - Ex. herniated disc, thoracic outlet syndrome, somatic dysfunction

Question 31

Cervical Spine ROM

Answer 31

- Rotation: >70 - Side Bending: >20 - Extension: >45 - Flexion: >45

Question 32

Thoracic Spine ROM

Answer 32

- Flexion: >45 - Extension: >10 - Sidebending: >45 - Rotation: >30

Question 33

Lumbar Spine ROM

Answer 33

- Sidebending: >15 - Flexion: >45 - Extension: >20 - Rotation: >5

Question 34

Shoulder ROM

Answer 34

- Flexion: 180 - Extension: 60 - Abduction: 180 - Adduction: 130 - Internal Rotation: 90 - External Rotation: 90`

Question 35

Elbow ROM

Answer 35

- Flexion: 140 - Extension: 5 - Pronation: 90 - Supination: 90

Question 36

Wrist ROM

Answer 36

- Flexion: 80 - Extension: 70 - Adduction: 30 - Abduction: 30

Question 37

Hip ROM

Answer 37

- Flexion (Knee Extended): 90 - Flexion (Knee Flexed): 120 - Extension: 15 - Adduction: 30 - Abduction: 45 - Internal Rotation: 40 - External Rotation: 40

Question 38

Knee ROM

Answer 38

- Flexion: 150 - Extension: 0

Question 39

Ankle ROM

Answer 39

- Dorsiflexion: 15 - Plantarflexion: 60 - Inversion: 20 - Eversion: 10