What is Bernstein and the Degrees of Freedom issue?
there are more degrees of freedom for movement that are needed
True or False
The definition of Bernstein issue is the components of a control system that can vary independently and that are controlled to produce effective action
True
The Bernstein issue is an issue in which motor control region?
Primary
True or False
To get to any given point in space we need to know the pitch roll and yah of our body part and we need to know the x,y,z
True
What are the 3 main ways the brain uses to “Solve” the Bernstein issue?
- Minimization principle
- our systems are efficient or lazy
- minimize energy
- minimizing jerkiness - Muscle synergies
- brain subcontracts different circuits to put different muscle activation patterns together - Use of physics
- gravity
- elasticity
What is sensorimotor learning?
improvement of motor skills through practice which produced long-lasting (permanent) neural changes
What are the 3 ways people get better at identifying sensorimotor learning?
- Performance curves
- Retention test
- Transferable test
What is the schema theory?
it follows a general program for certain movements no matter what body part you use
What is the mechanism of the schema generation called?
Hierarchical learning
What is the Hierarchical learning plan?
movements are coded in motor programs that are stores in the LTM
What are Fitt’s 3-stage theory of learning?
- Cognitive stage
- learn basic procedures to be followed - Associative stage
- transition from conscious to automatic control
- cerebellum get’s involved
- highly error driven - Autonomous stage
- little conscious involvement at this point
Which one of Fitt’s 3 stages is the hardest?
associative stage
True or False
In Hierarchal learning allows for the transfer of skills to variation on the original skill
True
What are the 3 stages of motor learning paradigm?
- Acquisition
- consolidation - Retention
- Transfer
What happens during Acquisition?
perform and practice motor skill
What happens during retention?
- persistence or performance
- demonstrates true learning of motor skills
What happens during transfer?
- performance gain in 1 task due to practice on another task
- test of generalization
You need how much time to consolidate information for motor skills?
6 hours
What are the 4 types of practice we have?
- Constant practice
- single variation of a given class of tasks - Variable practice
- variation of a class pf actions are practiced - Blocked practice
- many trials on a single task - Random practice
- different tasks are mixed, allowing you to adapt to different skills
What is an example of constant practice?
learning a piece of music, throwing a dart
What is an example of variable practice?
playing soccer
For schema learning which type of practice is more effective?
variable practice
What are the 2 types of feedback?
- Inherent feedback
- what you feel
- information provided as a natural consequence of making an action - Augmented feedback
- information from a measure performance
- typically from coaches
Inherent feedback is also know as what?
intrinsic feedback
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Introduction to Motor Control UNIT 1 FULL46
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Introduction to skilled motor performance, learning and processing UNIT 2 FULL66
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Introduction to Sensory Systems UNIT 3 FULL99
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Perception - Behavioural aspects 123
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Perception - Behavioural aspects 220
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Motor Areas25
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Motor areas and Basal ganglia57
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Basal Ganglia19
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Cerebellum20
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Motor Learning21
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Decision Stage 18
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Decision Stage 225
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Sensorimotor Control28
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Motor Program and Sensorimotor learning28
