Sensorimotor Control

Question 1

What is the limitation to Movement Programming?

Answer 1

Psychological refractory period

Question 2

What is Psychological refractory period and an example of it?

Answer 2

sending 2 stimuli very close together in time so that there is enough delay caused that a person cannot react to the 2nd stimuli in the appropriate time

ie. faking someone out, diking

Question 3

When can the psychological refactory period occur?

Answer 3

between 50-200 msecs

Question 4

What is “Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA)”?

Answer 4

the time between the 1st and 2 stimulus

Question 5

What is the SLACK period?

Answer 5

pscyhological refractory period

Question 6

If S2 is less than 50 what happens to S1 and S2?

Answer 6

S1 and S2 are treated simultaneously

Question 7

If S2 is between 50-200 what happens to S1 and S2?

Answer 7

S1 = 1 reaction tome
S2 = + 100 msec later

Question 8

If S2 is between greater than 200 what happens to S1 and S2?

Answer 8

S1 = delt with on time
S2 = 1 reaction time

Question 9

What are 3 conditions that can affect increase stress in performance?

Answer 9

1. Arousal
2. Perceptual narrowing
3. Choking under pressure

Question 10

What is the Inverted-U principle?

Answer 10

condition of arousal for optimal performance

Question 11

What are 4 things occurring at high arousal?

Answer 11

• Fewer stimuli detected
• Attentional focus is narrowed
• Attention shifts
• Reaction time is slower

Question 12

What are 2 things occurring at low arousal?

Answer 12

• Attention focus is wide
• Lots of noise and information is being picked up

Question 13

How can the peak of the Inverted-U change shifting more to the left or the right?

Answer 13

Left = tasks require more focus and are more complicated

Right = tasks require less focus and are simple in cognition

Question 14

What is perceptual narrowing?

Answer 14

tendency for the perceptual field to shrink under stress with high arousal

aka, being able to tune out everything but the task at hand

Question 15

What is chocking under pressure?

Answer 15

occurs when performers change their normal routine or fail to adapt to changing situations
- possibility of increased rewards leads to performance failure

Question 16

What is attentional control theory of anxiety?

Answer 16

attention to the goal or task at hand is reduced with internal and external pressures

Question 17

High rewards acts as a distraction to motor preparation because it activate what part of the brain?

Answer 17

striatum

Question 18

To generate the initial desired trajectory of a movement the brain needs to do what first?

Answer 18

internal representation

Question 19

What are the 2 types of internal models?

Answer 19

1. Forward model
2. Inverse model

Question 20

What is the forward model?

Answer 20

predicts the sensory consequences from efference copies

Question 21

What is the inverse model?

Answer 21

calculates necessary feedforward movement commands from desired motor output information
- back solving

Question 22

True or False
If the brain knows what it wants the body to do, the inverse model computes how to do it

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What 3 areas would the internal models exist?

Answer 23

1. Parietal
2. Premotor
3. Cerebellum

Question 24

True or False
Forward and inverse models combine to govern our movements

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the expanded information processing model?

Answer 25

INPUT - Stimulus identification - Response Selection - Movement Programming - Motor program - Spinal cord - Muscle OUTPUT

Question 26

In the expansed information processing model where does Anticipation of feedback come from and go?

Answer 26

comes from = Movement programming goes to = Comparator

Question 27

In the expansed information processing model where does Propreiceptive feedback come from and go?

Answer 27

comes from = Muscles goes to = Comparator

Question 28

In the expansed information processing model where does error come from and go?

Answer 28

comes from = Comparator goes to = Stimulus Identification