1
Q
osteoporosis –> Tscore?
A
< -2.5
2
Q
what is Zscore?
A
SD from age-matched F
3
Q
osteoporosis –> vit/nutrient def etiology? (4)
A
- osteomalacia
- alcohol
- hypoPh
- scurvy
4
Q
osteoporosis –> endocrine etiology? (2)
A
- hyperPTH
- Cushing dz
5
Q
focal osteoporosis –> etiology? (3)
A
- disuse
- reflex sympathetic dystrophy
- transient regional osteoporosis of hip
6
Q
what is Pelkin’s fx?
A
metaphyseal corner fx
7
Q
osteoporosis –> genetic etiology? (3)
A
- OI
- Gaucher dz
- anemia
8
Q
scurvy –> signs? (2)
A
- Wimberger ring sign
- Pelkin’s fx
9
Q
what is Pelkin’s fx?
A
metaphyseal corner fx
10
Q
what is osteomalacia?
A
vitD def –> faulty mineralization of bone matrix
11
Q
what is Looser zone? highly specific for what condition?
A
osteomalacia –> cortical stress fx –> fill w abnormal, poorly mineralized osteoid –> radiolucent line thru cortex
12
Q
Looser zone –> MC location? (3)
A
- prox femur –> media
- distal scapula
- pubic bone
13
Q
acromegaly –> foot –> charact finding? measuremt?
A
heel-pad thick >24mm
14
Q
what is 1ary hyperPTH?
- Ca level?
- Ph?
A
PTH adenoma –> high PTH
- high Ca
- low Ph
15
Q
what is 2ary hyperPTH?
- Ca level?
A
renal fail –> low Ca –> inc PTH
- Ca level normal
16
Q
what is 3ary hyperPTH?
A
chronic 2ary hyperPTH –> PTH gland lose ctrl –>
17
Q
hyperPTH –> hands –> subperiosteal resorb –> MC location?
A
2nd & 3rd middle phalanx –> radial aspect
18
Q
hyperPTH –> clavicle –> subperiosteal resorb –> MC location?
A
acromial aspect
19
Q
hyperPTH –> knee –> subperiosteal resorb –> MC location?
A
prox tib –> metaphysis –> medial
20
Q
hyperPTH –> teeth –> subperiosteal resorb –> MC location?
A
lamina dura surrounding tooth socket
21
Q
hyperPTH –> what other condition may occur? MC with 1ary/2ary/3ary hyperPTH?
A
1ary hyperPTH –> CPPD
22
Q
hyperPTH –> ST calc, periosteal rxn, sclerosis –> MC with 1ary/2ary/3ary hyperPTH?
A
2ary
23
Q
hyperPTH –> comp? (2)
A
- insuff fx
- lig/tendon rupture
24
Q
what is renal osteodystrophy?
A
chronic renal fail:
- abn vit D metab –> osteomalacia
- 2ary hyperPTH
25
renal failure --> risk for what bone disorders? (4)
- renal osteodystrophy
- osteomyelitis
- avascular necrosis (if on steroid)
- amyloidosis (chronic dialysis)
26
differentiate: osteomalacia vs renal osteodystrophy --> Looser zone
osteomalacia --> Looser zone
renal osteodystrophy --> Looser zone uncommon
27
peds --> hypothyroid --> imaging features? (2)
- "bullet shape" vertebral body
| - Wormian bones
28
peds --> hypothyroid --> RF for what condition?
SCFE
29
hypoPTH --> metastatic deposit of Ca --> MC locaiton? (2)
- subQ tissue
| - basal ganglia
30
what is pseudo-hypoPTH?
PTH receptor defect
31
what is pseudo pseudo-hypoPTH?
normal PTH, normal PTH receptor --> pseudo-hypoPTH phenotype
32
pseudo-hypoPTH / pseudo pseudo-hypoPTH --> synd? (4)
- obese
- round facies
- short stature
- brachydactyly
33
pseudo-hypoPTH / pseudo pseudo-hypoPTH --> classic XR finding?
1st/4th/5th --> short metacarpal
34
short 4th metacarpal --> ddx? (2)
- pseudo-hypoPTH / pseudo pseudo-hypoPTH
| - Turner synd
35
peds --> hyperthyroid --> MSK manifestation?
accel bone mature
36
what is thyroid acropachy? clinical presentation? (3)
rare presentation of autoimmune thyroid disease (hyperthyroid, euthyroid, hypothyroid, or even post-treatment):
- ST swell
- finger clubbing
- extremity --> diaphysis --> metacarpal/metatarsal/phalanx --> periosteal rxn
37
Paget dz --> epidemiology?
old adult --> >80yo
38
what is Paget dz?
unknown cause --> maybe paramyxovirus --> disturb osteoclastic & blastic regulation --> progressive
39
Paget dz --> ssx? (4)
- bone pain
- osseous enlrg/bow
- compress CN
- high output heart fail
40
Paget dz --> RF for what condition?
weak subchondral bone --> OA
41
Paget dz --> MC locations? (3)
- skull
- spine
- pelvis
42
Paget dz --> 3 phases?
- phase I: osteolytic
- II: mixed lytic & sclerotic
- III: sclerotic
43
chronic Paget dz --> imaging appearance?
"caricature" of normal bone:
- thick cortex
- coarse irreg trabeculae
- bone expand
44
Paget --> phase I --> skull --> typical appearance?
"osteoporosis circumscripta" --> geographic lytic region --> sharp margin
45
Paget --> phase II --> skull --> typical appearance?
"cotton wool"
46
Paget --> phase II --> spine --> typical appearance? (2)
- "picture frame" vertebra
| - "ivory" vertebra
47
Paget --> pelvis --> typical appearance?
- asymm coarse thick trabecula
| - thick iliopectineal/ilioischial line
48
Paget --> pelvis --> potential comp?
acetabular protrusio
49
Paget dz --> phase I --> long bone --> typical appearance?
osteolysis --> prox articular end --> to diaphysis --> sharp border --> "blade of grass", "flame-shaped margin"
50
Paget dz --> potential comp? (4)
- path fx
- malig degen --> osteosarcoma
- 2ary giant cell tumor
- 2ary OA
51
what is hereditary hyperphosphatasia? (juvenile Paget)
AR --> infant-young child --> all bones --> cortex/trabecula thick, osteopenia, bowing --> severe deformity
52
differentiate: hereditary hyperphosphatasia? (juvenile Paget) vs Paget dz --> imaging findings?
hereditary hyperphosphatasia? (juvenile Paget):
- diffuse
- spare articular ends
Paget:
- can be multifocal, but not diffuse
- involve articular ends
53
what is osteopetrosis?
osteoclast --> carbonic anhydrase def --> unable to resorb bone
54
osteopetrosis --> general imaging appearance?
entire skeleton --> diffuse marked sclerosis
55
osteopetrosis --> potential comp?
extremely brittle bones --> mult fx
56
osteopetrosis --> spine --> typical imaging appearance?
"sandwich"/"rugger jersey" vertebra
57
what is Gaucher dz?
AR --> glucocerebrosidase def --> cerebroside deposit --> macrophage (Gaucher cell) --> bone infarct, medulla expand, hepatosplenomeg
58
Gaucher dz --> long bone --> typical imaging appearance?
"Erlenmeyer flask" deformity
59
Gaucher dz --> spine --> typical imaging appearance?
vertebra --> endplate avascular necrosis --> "H-shape"
60
"H-shape"/"Lincoln log" vertebra --> ddx? (2) how to differentiate?
- Gaucher dz --> splenomeg
| - sickle cell --> spleen auto-infarct
61
sickle cell --> osseous manifestations (3)
- bone infarct
- osteomyelitis
- marrow expand/hyperplasia
62
sickle cell --> bone infarct --> MC location? (2)
- femoral head
| - long bone --> meta/dia-physis
63
what is sickle cell dactylitis (hand-foot synd)?
very young child --> hand/feet --> digits --> persistent hematopoietic marrow --> cold temp --> microvasc occlusion
64
sickle cell dactylitis (hand-foot synd) --> imaging appearance?
- ST swell
| - periosteal rxn
65
marrow expansion --> ddx? (2)
- thalassemia
| - sickle cell
66
red marrow reconversion --> MRI appearance?
T1 low signal
67
sickle cell --> marrow expansion --> long bone --> natural progression?
red cell production --> chronic stim --> medulla wide, trabecula coarse --> osteopenia --> insuff fx
68
red marrow reconversion --> skull --> imaging appearance?
- "hair on end" striation
| - wide medulla
69
differentiate --> sickle cell vs thalassemia --> red marrow reconversion --> location?
thalassemia --> more common...:
- facial bone
- extramedullary hematopoiesis
70
differentiate --> sickle cell vs thalassemia --> degree of red marrow reconversion?
thalassemia --> more severe
71
thalassemia --> osseous hallmarks? (3)
- bone infarct
- marrow expansion
- osteomyelitis
72
thalassemia --> marrow expansion --> hand --> imaging appearance?
metacarpal & phalanx --> wide & square
73
thalassemia --> marrow expansion --> face --> imaging appearance?
marrow expansion --> obliterate paranasal sinuses --> "rodent" facies
74
long bone --> Erlenmeyer flask deformity --> ddx? (3)
- Gaucher
- thalassemia
- sickle cell
75
what is myelofibrosis?
progressive fibrosis of BM --> anemia --> splenomeg
76
myelofibrosis --> epidemiology?
older
77
myelofibrosis --> osseous appearance?
BM fibrosis --> diffuse sclerosis of bones
78
what is mastocytosis?
mast cells --> abn prolif
79
mastocytosis --> osseous appearance?
mast cells --> infiltrate BM:
- diffuse osteopenia
- diffuse sclerosis
80
bones --> diffuse sclerosis --> ddx? (9)
- renal osteodystrophy
- sickle cell
- myelofibrosis
- diffuse osteoblastic mets
- osteopetrosis
- pyknodysostosis
- mastocytosis
- fluorosis
- athlete (normal variant)
81
what is pyknodysostosis (osteopetrosis acro-osteolytica, Toulouse-Lautrec syndrome)?
AR --> bone dysplasia --> osteosclerosis & short stature
82
ivory vertebral body --> ddx? (3)
- osteoblastic mets
- Paget dz
- lymphoma
83
reflex sympathetic dystrophy --> bone scan findings?
inc uptake in all 3 phases --> inc. intra-articular
84
shoulder XR --> look like unilat RA, but preserved jt space --> ddx? (1)
reflex sympathetic dystrophy
85
marrow conversion --> order?
Extremities --> axial skeleton
1) epiphysis/apophysis
2) diaphysis
3) distal metaphysis
4) prox metaphysis
86
marrow re-conversion --> order?
1) spine
2) flat bones
3) metaphysis
4) diaphysis
5) epiphysis
CORE
flashcards
Decks in class (33)
# Cards
-
Peds GU99
-
Peds Airway65
-
Peds Chest83
-
Peds Cardiac93
-
Peds GI124
-
Peds MSK189
-
Peds Neuro195
-
Physics Ch 1 XR Production71
-
MSK Arthritis152
-
MSK Bone Tumors155
-
Physics Ch 2 XR Interactions48
-
MSK Infx32
-
MSK Diffuse Bone Dz86
-
MSK Trauma422
-
IR402
-
NM318
-
Physics Ch 3 Gen XR Concepts72
-
Physics Ch 4 Image Detectors8
-
Physics Ch 5 Mammo42
-
Breast396
-
GI293
-
Physics Ch 9 Nuc Med118
-
Neuro: Brain320
-
Neuro: Head/Neck195
-
GU58
-
Physics Ch 10 MRI46
-
Physics Ch 8 US49
-
Physics Ch 6 Fluoro13
-
Physics Ch 11 Rad Biology34
-
Physics Ch 7 CT17
-
NIS19
-
Chest5
-
Cardiac23
