CORE > Peds GI > Flashcards

Peds GI Flashcards

(124 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

necrotizing enterocolitis –> epidemiology?

A
  • preterm

- term: congenital heart dz, immunosupp, umbilical venous catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

necrotizing enterocolitis –> cause?

A

combo of infxn & ischemia related to feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

necrotizing enterocolitis –> MC location?

A

ileum & RLQ colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

necrotizing enterocolitis –> initial XR finding

A

loop of bowel:

  • wall thicken
  • fixed distention over serial exams
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

necrotizing enterocolitis –> MC complication

A

bowel stricture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis –> epidemiology?

A

2-12wk M>F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis –> US findings? (3)

A
  • thickened pylorus wall
  • increased pyloric channel length
  • gastric contents not pass thru
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pylorospasm –> US findings?

A
  • normal pylorus

- gastric contents pass thru

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

infant –> appendicitis –> common or rare?

A

rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

volvulus –> clinical presentation?

A

neonatal bilious emesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

malrotation –> MOA?

A

embryogenesis –> bowel fail to normally rotate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

malrotation –> potential complication? (2) why?

A
  • abnormal mesenteric fixation –> volvulus

- Ladd bands –> distal bowel obstruct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

malrotation –> when present?

A

70% within 1mo

90% within 1yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

UGI –> eval for malrotation –> specific components to evaluate? (3)

A
  • C-sweep of duodenum
  • duodeno-jejunal jx: L of midline & at level of duodenal bulb
  • 2nd & 4th duodenum retroperitoneal & parallel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

midgut volvulus:

  • MC XR appearance?
  • uncommon XR appearance?
A
  • MC XR appearance: mult dilated bowel loops

- uncommon XR appearance: duodenal obstruct –> double bubble sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

midgut volvulus –> classic UGI finding?

A

corkscrew appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

malrotation –> cecum location?

A
  • more midline than normal

- LLQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

malrotation –> SMA & SMV location?

A

normal: right SMV, left SMA
malrotation: right SMA, left SMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

malrotation –> tx?

A

Ladd procedure:

  • reduce volvulus
  • lyse mesenteric adhesions (Ladd bands)
  • place small bowel on R, large bowel on L
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

intussusception –> MC location?

A

ileocolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

intussusception –> classic presentation?

A
  • colicky abd pain
  • currant jelly stool
  • palpable RLQ abd mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

intussusception –> idiopathic vs pathologic lead point –> epidemiology?

A
  • newborn: pathologic lead pt
  • 3mo-3.5yo: idiopathic
  • > 3.5yo: pathologic lead pt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

neonate –> intussusception –> possible cause?

A

Meckel diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

> 3.5yo –> intussusception –> possible cause?

A

lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
bloody stool --> US demonstrate bowel wall thickening --> ddx? (3)
- intussusception - colitis - intramural hematoma (d/t trauma, Henoch-Schonlein purpura)
26
intussusception --> tx?
air/contrast enema
27
intussusception --> tx enema reduction --> contraindication? (3)
- free air - peritoneal signs - septic shock
28
esophageal atresia & tracheoesophageal fistula --> MC assoc synd?
VACTERL
29
VACTERL --> synd?
- Vertebral segmentation anomaly - Anal atresia - Cardiac anomaly - TracheoEsophageal fistula - Renal anomaly - Limb (radial ray) anomaly
30
tracheoesophageal fistula --> MC type?
82% --> type A: proximal esophageal atresia & distal TEF
31
proximal esophageal atresia & distal TEF --> classic CXR appearance?
- NG tube terminate mid-esophagus | - air-filled bowel (from TEF)
32
TEF --> assoc condition?
tracheal anomaly: - tracheomalacia - bronchus suis
33
in utero --> polyhydramnios & lack of visualization of stomach --> ddx? (1)
esophageal atresia
34
gastric atresia --> diagnostic imaging finding?
single bubble
35
clinical presentation --> hypertrophic pyloric stenosis vs gastric atresia?
vomiting: HPS: progressively worse gastric atresia: not worse
36
neonatal bowel obstruct --> when present?
24-48 day old
37
XR --> proximal bowel obstruction --> next imaging modality of choice for evaluation? why?
UGI --> differentiate midgut volvulus (emergent surg) vs atresia (non-emergent)
38
XR --> distal bowel obstruction --> next imaging modality of choice for evaluation?
LGI
39
proximal bowel obstruction --> tx?
surg
40
distal bowel obstruction --> tx?
- surg | - medical
41
duodenal anomaly --> other assoc anomaly? (5)
- Down - VACTERL - cardiac shunt lesion - malrotation - annular pancreas
42
duodenal atresia --> classic XR appearance?
- double bubble: dilation stomach + proximal duodenum | - lack of distal bowel gas
43
double bubble + distal bowel gas --> ddx? (3)
- midgut volvulus - annular pancreas - duodenal stenosis/web
44
jejunal atresia --> MCC?
in utero vascular insult
45
jejunal atresia --> classic XR appearance?
triple bubble
46
distal bowel obstruction --> surgical causes? (2)
- distal atresia | - Hirschsprung dz
47
distal bowel obstruction --> medical causes? (2)
- meconium ileus | - fxal immaturity
48
what is microcolon?
abnormally small caliber (<1cm) colon --> d/t disuse
49
microcolon --> secondary to proximal vs distal bowel obstruction? why?
distal proximal bowel --> secrete succus entericus --> prevent microcolon
50
microcolon --> MCC? (2)
- meconium ileus | - ileal atresia
51
microcolon --> ddx? (4)
- meconium ileus - ileal atresia - total colonic Hirschsprung - megacystic-microcolon-hypoperistalsis synd
52
meconium ileus --> assoc calcifications can be seen where? (2) why?
- peritoneal - scrotal perforation --> meconium peritonitis --> calcifications
53
meconium ileus --> classic XR appearance?
- distal obstruction (mult dilated bowel) | - RLQ soap bubble lucencies
54
meconium ileus --> indicates what condition?
100% --> cystic fibrosis
55
meconium ileus --> LGI appearance? (2)
- microcolon | - mult rounded filling defects (inspissated meconium)
56
meconium ileus --> tx?
water-soluble enema --> loosen inspissated meconium
57
fail to pass meconium --> MC condition?
small left colon (fxal immaturity of the colon, meconium plug synd)
58
small left colon --> MOA?
colonic ganglion cells --> temporary fxal immaturity --> distal colon abnormal motility
59
small left colon --> risk factors? (3)
- preterm - maternal Mg for preclampsia - maternal diabetes
60
small left colon --> microcolon or no microcolon?
no microcolon
61
small left colon --> XR finding?
distal bowel obstruct
62
small left colon --> LGI finding?
- small left colon - discrete transition pt at splenic flexure - filling defects in small left colon --> meconium plugs
63
small left colon w discrete transition pt at splenic flexure --> ddx? (2) how to differentiate? (2)
small left colon: - rectum distend - resolve w enema Hirschsprung dz: - rectum nondistend - not resolve w enema
64
Hirschsprung dz --> anus is always involved --> T/F?
T
65
Hirschsprung dz --> continuous or scattered bowel involvemt?
continuous
66
Hirschsprung dz --> possible complication?
1/3 --> enterocolitis, similar to NEC --> toxic megacolon
67
Hirschsprung dz --> XR finding?
distal bowel obstruction
68
Hirschsprung dz --> LGI finding
- dilated proximal bowel - narrow distal bowel - tapered "cone-shaped" transition
69
Hirschsprung dz --> rectum:sigmoid ratio?
<1
70
what is megacystic microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis synd?
congenital loss of bowel & bladder smooth muscle fx: - absent intestinal peristalsis - microcolon - distended nonobstructed urinary bladder
71
childhood bowel obstruction --> ddx? (6)
AAIIMM: - appendicitis - adhesions - internal/inguinal hernia - intussusception - Meckels - malrotation
72
indirect inguinal hernia --> MOA?
patent processus vaginalis --> peritoneal comm to scrotum
73
imperforate anus --> role of imaging? preferred imaging modality?
clinical dx eval level of obstruct: high/low relative to puborectalis sling (however, this is usu determined clinically) infracoccygeal US
74
high anorectal malformation --> assoc anomalies? (3)
- GU-rectal fistula - lumbosacral anomaly - VACTERL
75
high anorectal malformation --> type of GU-rectal fistula --> M vs F?
- M: rectum to post urethra or bladder | - F: rectum to vagina
76
low anorectal malformation --> assoc anomaly? (1)
perineal fistula
77
neonatal --> unconj hyperbili --> cause?
physiologic jaundice of newborn
78
neonatal --> conj hyperbili --> cause? (2)
- biliary atresia | - neonatal hepatitis (ie Alagille synd, bile acid synthetic defect, metabolic dz, AAT1 def, infx)
79
neonatal --> conj hyperbili --> goal of imaging? preferred imaging modality?
Tc-99m-HIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy --> differentiate biliary atresia vs neonatal hepatitis
80
neonatal --> conj hyperbili --> premedication for HIDA scan? why? when?
5 days of phenobarbital --> stimulate hepatocyte activity
81
biliary atresia --> natural progression if untx?
progressive cirrhosis --> early childhood death
82
biliary atresia --> HIDA findings? (3)
- normal hepatic tracer uptake - normal hepatic clearance - no excretion into small bowel
83
biliary atresia vs neonatal hepatitis --> US appearance?
cannot differentiate sometimes absent GB --> suggest biliary atresia
84
biliary atresia --> tx?
Kasai portoenterostomy: - excise entire extrahep biliary tree - jejunal loop anastomose to liver
85
neonatal hepatitis --> HIDA findings?
- poor hepatic excretion - delayed hepatic clearance (>12hr) - variable bowel excretion
86
primary cancers w liver mets? (4)
- neuroblastoma - Wilms tumor - sarcoma - Burkitt lymphoma
87
what is mesenchymal hamartoma?
developmental anomaly (not neoplasm) --> multicystic hamartomatous lesion --> malformed bile ducts, portal vein fragmts, extramed hematopoiesis --> benign
88
mesenchymal hamartoma --> when present?
neonate
89
what is gallbladder hydrops? predisposing condition? (2)
pathologically distended GB - infx - systemic inflamm (ie Kawasaki)
90
vascular neoplasm vs malformation?
neoplasm: new cell growth malformation: disorganized vasc; no cell growth
91
high flow vascular malformation/neoplasm? (3)
- infantile hemangioma - AVM - AV fistula
92
low flow vascular malformation? (2)
- venous malformation | - lymphatic malformation
93
adult --> hepatic hemangioma --> are actually venous malformation, T/F?
T
94
pediatric --> MC vascular hepatic tumor
infantile hemangioma & hemangioendothelioma
95
infantile hemangioma vs hemangioendothelioma?
hemangioma: benign hemangioendothelioma: usu benign --> can mets
96
infantile hemangioma & hemangioendothelioma --> assoc synd? (1)
Kasabach-Merritt synd
97
Kasabach-Merritt synd --> synd? (3)
- vascular neoplasm - hemolytic anemia - consumptive coagulopathy
98
infantile hemangioma & hemangioendothelioma --> potential complication? (1)
25% --> congestive heart fail
99
infantile hemangioma & hemangioendothelioma --> MRI appearance (3)
- highly vascular - T2 hyper - enhance peripheral --> delayed fill-in
100
infantile hemangioma & hemangioendothelioma --> conventional angiography finding?
- enlrg celiac axis | - aorta distal to celiac trunk --> narrow
101
infantile hemangioma & hemangioendothelioma --> tx?
- most spontaneously involute within 1st yr of life - BB --> accel involution - surg if CHF
102
3 MC childhood abd malig
1) neuroblastoma 2) Wilms tumor 3) hepatoblastoma
103
hepatoblastoma --> when present, younger/older/same as infantile hemangioma?
slightly older
104
hepatoblastoma --> assoc synd? (3)
- Beckwith-Wiedemann - familial adenomatous polyposis synd - fetal alcohol synd
105
Beckwith-Wiedemann --> screen for what? how often?
hepatoblastoma --> q6mo
106
hepatoblastoma --> what lab is elevated?
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
107
hepatoblastoma --> classic XR finding?
RUQ calcification
108
hepatoblastoma --> CT appearance?
- predominantly solid heterogeneous enhancing liver mass | - like to invade portal & hepatic veins
109
pediatric --> cirrhosis --> causes? (5)
- AAT1 def - glycogen storage dz - tyrosinemia - biliary atresia - chronic viral hepatitis
110
HCC --> imaging appearance?
- heterogeneous hepatic mass - early arterial enhance - rapid washout
111
HCC --> AFP elevated or normal?
elevated
112
undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (malig mesechymoma) --> epidemiology?
6-10yo
113
undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (malig mesechymoma) --> AFP elevated or normal?
normal
114
liver mets --> primary? (2)
- neuroblastoma | - Wilms tumor
115
Meckel diverticulum --> MOA?
omphalomesenteric duct --> incomplete regress
116
Meckel diverticulum --> pediatric --> potential complication? (2)
- GI bleed (if contain ectopic gastric mucosa) | - lead pt --> intussusception
117
Meckel diverticulum --> adult --> potential complication? (2)
``` #1 SBO #2 Meckel diverticulitis ```
118
what is omphalomesenteric duct?
duct --> connect intestine to umbilicus/yolk sac
119
omphalomesenteric duct --> incomplete regress --> complication? (2)
- #1 Meckel diverticulum | - umbilico-ileal fistula
120
Meckel diverticulum --> rule of 2's?
- 2% population - symptomatic before 2yo - 2ft from ileocecal valve
121
rectal bleed --> suspect Meckel diverticulum --> imaging of choice?
Tc-99m pertechnetate scan
122
Tc-99m pertechnetate scan --> what tissue does it detect?
gastric mucosa
123
pediatric abd neoplasms w calcifications (3)
- neuroblastoma - teratoma - hepatoblastoma
124
pancreatoblastoma --> age?
1-8yo
CORE
flashcards
Decks in class (33)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions