MSK - Joints

Question 1

What are the THREE structural classifications of joints?

Answer 1

• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial

Question 2

What are the THREE functional classifications of joints?

Answer 2

• Diarthroses (Freely moveable)
• Amphiarthrosis (Slightly movable)
• Syarthrosis (Immovably fixed)

Question 3

Describe the structure of a fibrous joint

Answer 3

• No synovial cavity
• Fibrous connective tissue holds the bones close
• Little movement is allowed

Question 4

What are the THREE types of fibrous joints?

Answer 4

• Sutures
• Syndesmoses
• Gomphosis

Question 5

Describe suture and give an example

Answer 5

• Thin layer of connective tissue between bones
• Skull bones
• Synarthrotic so immovably fixed

Question 6

Describe syndesmoses and give an example

Answer 6

• Higher amount of connective tissue
• Amphiarthrotic so slightly movable
• Tibiofibular joint

Question 7

Describe gomphosis and give an example

Answer 7

• Cone shaped peg fitting into a socket
• Synarthrotic so immovably fixed
• Dental-alveolar joint (teeth to bony sockets in maxillary bone and mandible)

Question 8

Describe the structure of cartilaginous joints

Answer 8

• No synovial cavity
• Bones connected by cartilage
• Little movement

Question 9

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 9

• Syndochondroses

- Symphysis

Question 10

Describe a syndochondrotic joint and give an example

Answer 10

• Bones are connected by hyaline cartilage
• Synarthrotic so immovably fixed
• Epiphyseal plates or 1st sternocostal joint

Question 11

Describe a symphysic joint and give an example

Answer 11

• Fibrocartilaginous fusion of two bones
• Amphyarthrotic so slightly movable
• Pubic symphysis

Question 12

Describe the structure of synovial joints

Answer 12

• Have a synovial cavity and articular cartilage
• Have an articular capsule (with an outer fibrous capsule and an inner synovial membrane)
• Rich in blood and nerves

Question 13

What are the 6 types of synovial joint? Give an example of each

Clue: Please Have Poos Cautiously Sat Back

Answer 13

• Planar e.g. Sternoclavicular joint
• Hinge e.g. Knee
• Pivot e.g. Atlas around dens of axis
• Condyloid/ellipsoidal e.g. wrist
• Saddle e.g. trapezium and first metacarpal
• Ball and socket e.g. shoulder

Question 14

Describe the movement of synovial joints

Answer 14

Diarthrotic so are freely movable

Question 15

What are the FOUR types of movement at a synovial joint?

Answer 15

• Gliding
• Angular
• Rotation
• Special

Question 16

Describe the movement of a gliding synovial joint

Answer 16

• Non axial i.e. no movement in any plane, can only slip

- Planar joints e.g. acromioclavicular joint

Question 17

Describe the movement of an angular synovial joint

Answer 17

• Flexion
• Extension
• Abduction
• Moves distally but is stable proximally

Question 18

Describe the movement of a rotating synovial joint

Answer 18

• Turns lengthways in its own axis
• Medial rotation = internal movement
• Lateral rotation = external movement

Question 19

What are the special movements of synovial joints?

Answer 19

• Elevation/depression
• Protraction/retraction
• Inversion/eversion e.g. sole of foot moves medially or laterally
• Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
• Supination/pronation
• Opposition

Question 20

What mechanisms contribute to the stability of a joint?

Answer 20

• Articular surfaces (arrangement, shape and size)
• Ligaments (more = more stable)
• Muscle tone in surroundings
• Bursae

Question 21

What are bursae? What are is function?

Answer 21

• Fluid filled sacs

- Decrease friction between articulating surfaces