MSK Testing

Question 1

What can MSK fitness improve/maintain? (6)

Answer 1

1. Bone mass- fall prevention/decrease fracture risk
2. glucose tolerance- diabetes/ how well we store & utilize glucose
3. Musculotendinous integrity- tendonosis/ stronger tendons= decrease chance for tendon rupture
4. Muscle mass- how well the muscle mass is distributed/diversity of exercises
5. FFM & resting metabolic rate- increase muscle mass= increase metabolic rate
6. ADL- activity of daily living/live independently

Question 2

relationship of MSK to health

Answer 2

increase of MSK fitness is positive correlation to bone health, independant living, decrease in falls/fracture, increase psychological health, decrease morbidity & morality

Question 3

why MSK testing? (6)

Answer 3

-Establish baseline values
-Determine resistance loads to use for training intensities
-Asses risk of falling in older adults
-Monitor progress and rehab following injuries
-Asses effectiveness of program
-Identify individuals who have the potential to excel in a particular sport

Question 4

3 categories of MSK testing

Answer 4

Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Muscular power

Question 5

Muscular strength- define it, why do we need it & who should test it?

Answer 5

define- ability of muscle/group to develop maximal contractile force against a resistence in a single contraction with proper technique

why- important for daily living and everyday tasks

who- everyone (preventative medicene)

Question 6

define absolute strength

Answer 6

total amount of weight lifted without adjustment for the participants body mass (1 RM weight/ grip strength)

Question 7

define relative strength

Answer 7

total amount of weight lifted with some type of adjustment for the participants body mass (using strength to displace the body, rock climbing/rowing/gymnast)

-minimum amount of muscle needed to complete movement efficently, too much muscle mass can inhibit the movement

Question 8

muscular endurance- define, why and who

Answer 8

define- the ability of muscle to apply submaximal force for extended periods can be dynamic or isometric

why- must be able to do a movement over and over again, endure intensity of the load & ADL/ life work balance

who- everyone

Question 9

define dynamic contraction

Answer 9

repeated contractions against a load

Question 10

define isometric contraction

Answer 10

sustained muscular contraction

Question 11

examples of dynamic submax dynamic test

Answer 11

1. absolute submax load (1 RM %)-max 6 reps
2. relative submax (push ups)

Question 12

examples of isometric muscular test

Answer 12

1. back extension
2. plank

Question 13

muscular power- define, why & who

Answer 13

define- the rate at which one can perform work. Combination of strength & speed (maximal strength at a maximal speed)

why- some ADL, mainly performance ID

who- athletes/capable individuals

Question 14

how do we measure muscular power (2) with examples

Answer 14

1. power based exercise- 1RM or 1 RM % (cleans/snatches)
2. Velocity based movements- vertical jump/speed of bar movements

Question 15

2 Types of muscle contractions and their sub-groups

Answer 15

1. Isometric (static) contractions
2. Dynamic contractions
   -isokinetic
   -isoinertial
   -concentric
   -ecentric

Question 16

how is isometric contractions assesed & the pros & cons

Answer 16

-assessed by cable tensiometers, isokinetic dynamometers, hand grip dynamometer
pro: good data & protocols
con: uncomfy

Question 17

why measure grip strength

Answer 17

• lower grip strength= risk of heart failure
  -lower GS= detrimental changes in the hearts structure and function
  -lower GS= strong predictor of cardiac death, death from any cause and hospital admission for heart failure

Question 18

why is low grip strength correlated with risk of CVD/heart failure

Answer 18

lack of ability to recruit muscle fibres

Question 19

define concentric

Answer 19

when muscle fibres shortende

Question 20

define eccentric

Answer 20

muscle fibres lengthen

Question 21

define isoinertial contraction

Answer 21

no change in external resistence (inertia) even though the tension by the muscle may flucuate
(ex) change of direction in a sport

Question 22

other factors that influence strength (6)

Answer 22

-physiological properties of muscle
-type of contraction
-ability of nervous system to activate muscle fibres (quickly)
-motivation of client
-strength potential is limited by genetics
-number of fast twitch fibres

Question 23

Main factors that influence strength (4)

Answer 23

1. muscle length
2. joint angle
3. motor unit recruitment
4. stretch shortening cycle

Question 24

describe muscle length when it comes to the influence it has on muscle strength

Answer 24

-relationship between force and sarcomere length. Force output decreases as sarcomere length increases beyond optimal length (2.0-2.25 um)

Question 25

what happens if the sarcomere is stretched too far

Answer 25

insufficient overlap of the myofilaments and the less force will be produced

Question 26

what happens if the muscle is over contracted

Answer 26

the potential for further contration is reduced

Question 27

how does joint angle influence muscle strength

Answer 27

-force capacity of the muscle varies with the bony lever configuration (joint angle) as the joint moves through ROM -Resistance cannot exceed max force if generated at the weakest point of ROM (sticking point)

Question 28

define 'sticking point'

Answer 28

the point at which the point in the ROM that is the weakest and cannot complete the movement

Question 29

describe ascending strength curve and example

Answer 29

-as joint angle increase so does force -hardest at bottom (bench press/squat)

Question 30

define descending strength curve and example

Answer 30

-joint angle decreases and force increases -hardest at top (rows, chin ups, leg curls)

Question 31

define bell shaped curve angle and example

Answer 31

-hardest in the middle (deadlift, bicep curl, leg ext.)

Question 32

how does motor recruitment influence muscular strength

Answer 32

-must be able to fire all muscle fibres quickly and in order (small muscle fibres then big muscle fibres)

Question 33

how does the stretch shortening cycle influence muscular strength

Answer 33

pre stretching a muscle by lengthing or doing eccentric contraction prior to concentric contraction (pre load)

Question 34

what factors should be controlled when conducting strength tests to ensure high reliability

Answer 34

-appropriate clothing -food/hydration/sleep -avoid high intensity exercise 48hr before the test -follow protocols of test

Question 35

CSEP-PATH assessment protocols (5)

Answer 35

-prepare all paper work in advance -equipment is calibrated -ask permission to touch client -explain purpose of test, describe the protocol & test termination criteria -demonstrate the protocol before client starts

Question 36

how does strength decrease with age

Answer 36

-decrease muscle mass -decrease bone mass -decreased metabolism -decreased glucose tolerance -decreased musculotendinous integrity