MSK Upper Limb

Question 1

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 1

1. extensor digiti minimi
2. lateral epicondyle; extensor hood of little finger (along with extensor digitorum)
3. radial nerve
4. extends little finger (also contributes to extension at wrist)

Question 2

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 2

1. extensor digitorum
2. lateral epicondyle; tendon splits into four and inserts on extensor hood of each finger
3. radial nerve
4. extends medial four fingers at MCP and interphalangeal joints

Question 3

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 3

1. deltoid
2. lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula; deltoid tuberosity of humerus
3. axillary nerve
4. anterior fibres- flexion and medial rotation; posterior fibres- extension and lateral rotation; middle fibres- major abductor of the arm (beyond 15degrees)

Question 4

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 4

1. flexor carpi ulnaris
2. medial epicondyle; pisiform carpal bone
3. ulnar nerve
4. flexion and adduction of wrist

Question 5

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 5

1. Pectoralis minor
2. 3rd-5th ribs; coracoid process of scapula
3. medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
4. stabilises the scapula (involved a bit in shoulder abduction and depression)

Question 6

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 6

1. palmaris longus (absent in around 15% population)
2. medial epicondyle; flexor retinaculum at wrist
3. median nerve
4. flexion of wrist

Question 7

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 7

1. opponens digiti minimi
2. hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum; metacarpal V
3. ulnar nerve
4. opposes little finger (rotates metacarpal of little finger towards the palm)

Question 8

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 8

1. triceps brachii
2. long head- infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head- humerus; medial head- humerus; all heads converge onto olecranon of ulna
3. radial nerve
4. extension of elbow

Question 9

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 9

1. dorsal interossei
2. each orginates from lateral and medial surfaces of metacarpals; attach to extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger
3. ulnar nerve
4. abduct fingers at MCP joint

Question 10

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 10

1. extensor pollicis longus
2. posterior surface of ulna; distal phalanx of thumb
3. radial nerve
4. extends all joints of thumb (CMC, MCP, interphalangeal)

Question 11

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 11

1. latissimus dorsi
2. spinous processes of T7-12,L1-5; posterior half of iliac crest; 9-12th rib; intertubercular sulcus of humerus
3. thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
4. extends, adducts, and medially rotates the upper limb

Question 12

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 12

1. flexor carpi radialis
2. medial epicondyle; base of metacarpals II and III
3. median nerve
4. flexion and abduction of wrist

Question 13

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 13

1. subscapularis (rotator cuff muscle)
2. subscapular fossa on costal surface of scapula; lesser tubercle of humerus
3. upper and lowr subscapular nerves
4. medially rotates arm

Question 14

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 14

1. infraspinatus (rotator cuff muscle)
2. infraspinous fossa of scapula; greater tubercle of humerus
3. suprascapular nerve
4. laterally rotates arm

Question 15

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 15

1. flexor pollicis brevis
2. trapezium and flexor retinaculum; base of proximal phalanx of thumb
3. median nerve (with deep head innervated by branch of ulnar nerve)
4. flexes the MCP joint of thumb

Question 16

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 16

1. flexor digiti minimi
2. hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum; proximal phalanc of little finger
3. ulnar nerve
4. flexes at MCP joint of little finger

Question 17

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 17

1. teres major
2. posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula; intertubercular groove of humerus
3. lower subscapular nerve
4. adducts and extends shoulder; medially rotates arm

Question 18

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 18

1. palmar interossei
2. each orginates from medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal; attach to extensor hood and proximal phalanx of same finger
3. ulnar nerve
4. adducts fingers at MCP joint

Question 19

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 19

1. brachialis
2. medial and lateral surfaces of humeral shaft; ulnar tuberosity
3. musclocutaneous nerve (and some radial nerve)
4. flexes elbow

Question 20

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 20

1. trapezius
2. occipital protuberance; spinous processes of C7-T12; posterior aspect of lateral third of clavicle; acromion; spine of scapula
3. accessory nerve (CN XI)
4. upper fibres: elevate and rotate scapula during abduction; middle fibres: retract scapula; lower fibres: pull scapula inferiorly
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Question 21

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 21

1. aconeus (can be difficult to distinguish from triceps brachii)
2. lateral epicondyle; posterior and lateral part of olecranon
3. radial nerve
4. extends and stabilises elbow joint; abducts ulna during pronation

Question 22

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 22

1. levator scapulae
2. transverse processes of C1-C4; superior angle of scapula/medial border of scapula superior to the spine of the scapula
3. dorsal scapular nerve
4. elevates the scapula

Question 23

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachment(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 23

1. extensor carpi radialis longus
2. supracondylar ridge of humerus; metacarpal bones II and III
3. radial nerve
4. extends and abducts wrist

Question 24

Give:

1. name of muscle
2. attachement(s)
3. innervation
4. movement(s)

Answer 24

1. pectoralis major
2. clavicle, sternum, greater tuberosity of humerus
3. medial and lateral pectoral nerves
4. adducts and medially rotates shoulder; depresses the shoulder

Question 25

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachement(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 25

1. teres minor (rotator cuff muscle) 2. posterior surface of scapula; greater tubercle of humerus 3. axillary nerve 4. laterally rotates arm

Question 26

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachement(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 26

1. Rhomboids (major and minor) 2. major- spinous proccesses of T2-T5, medial border of scapula; minor- spinous processes of C7-T1, medial border of the scapula 3. dorsal scapular nerve 4. adducts/retracts and rotates scapula

Question 27

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 27

1. brachioradialis 2. humerus; distal end of radius 3. radial nerve 4. flexes elbow

Question 28

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachement(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 28

1. supraspinatus (this is a rotator cuff muscle) 2. supraspinous fossa of scapula; greater tubercle of humerus 3. suprascapular nerve 4. abducts arm 0-15 degrees, then helps deltoid to abduct arm from 15-90degrees

Question 29

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 29

1. lumbricals 2. each lumbrical originates from a tendon of flexor digitorum profundus; insert on extensor hoods of each finger 3. lateral two (index and middle finger)- median nerve; medial two (ring and little fingers)- ulnar nerve 4. flexion at MCP and extension at interphalangeal joints of fingers

Question 30

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachement(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 30

1. coracobrachialis 2. coracoid process of scapula; medial side of humeral shaft 3. musclocutanous nerve 4. flexion (abduction) of shoulder; weak contribution of adduction

Question 31

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 31

1. abductor pollicis longus 2. interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of radius and ulna; lateral base of metacarpal I (thumb metacarpal) 3. radial nerve 4. abducts thumb

Question 32

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachement(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 32

1. serratus anterior muscle 2. 1st-9th ribs; medial border of scapula 3. long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) 4. protracts and upwardly rotates shoulder

Question 33

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachement(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 33

1. biceps brachii 2. long head orginates from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula; short head originates from coracoid process of scapula; both head insert of radfial tuberosisty 3. musclocutanous nerve 4. flexes elbow and shoulder; supination of forearm

Question 34

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 34

1. abductor digiti minimi 2. pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris; proximal phalanx of little finger 3. ulnar nerve 4. abducts the little finger

Question 35

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 35

1. flexor digitorum superficialis 2. one head originates from medial epicondyle of humerus; other head from radius; four tendons attach onto middle phalanges of the four fingers 3. median nerve 4. flexes MCP joints and PIJ at 4 fingers; flexes wrist

Question 36

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 36

1. flexor pollicis longus 2. radius; base of distal phalanx of thumb 3. median nerve 4. flexes interphalangeal joint and MCP joint of thumb

Question 37

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 37

1. extensor carpi ulnaris 2. lateral epicondyle; base of metacarpal V 3. radial nerve 4. extension and adduction of wrist

Question 38

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 38

1. abductor pollicis brevis 2. scaphoid and trapezium and flexor retinaculum; proximal phalanx of thumb 3. median nerve 4. abducts thumb

Question 39

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 39

1. flexor digitorum profundus 2. ulna; the four tendons attach to distal phalanges of the four fingers 3. medial half (acting on ring and little fingers)- ulnar nerve; lateral (acting on middle and index fingers)- median nerve 4. flexed DIP joints (only muscles that can do this); flexes MCP and wrist

Question 40

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 40

1. opponens pollicis 2. trapezium; flexor retinaculum; first metacarpal 3. median nerve 4. opposes thumb (think of making an 'OK' sign) by medially rotating and flexing metacarpal on trapezium

Question 41

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 41

1. palmaris brevis 2. palmar apopneurosis, flexor retinalculum; dermis of skin of medial margin of hand 3. ulnar nerve 4. wrinkles skin of hypothenar emience and deepens curvature of hand- improving grip

Question 42

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 42

1. adductor pollicis 2. one head- metacarpal III; other head- capitate and adjacent areas of metacarpals II and III; both insert onto proximal phalanx of thumb 3. ulnar nerve 4. adductor of thumb

Question 43

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 43

1. extensor carpi radialis brevis 2. lateral epicondyle; tendon attches to metacarpal bone II and III 3. radial nerve 4. extends and abducts wrist

Question 44

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 44

1. pronator teres 2. medial epicondyke; coronoid process of ulna; mid-shaft of radius 3. median nerve 4. pronation of forearm

Question 45

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 45

1. pronator quadratus 2. anterior surface of ulnar; anterior surface of radius 3. median nerve 4. pronates forearm

Question 46

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 46

1. supinator 2. one head- lateral epicondyle; other head- posterior surface of ulna; both insert together onto posterior surface of radius 3. radial nerve 4. supinates forearm

Question 47

Give: 1. name of muscle 2. attachment(s) 3. innervation 4. movement(s)

Answer 47

1. extensor pollicis brevis (lateral border of anatomical snuffbox) 2. posteriors surface of radius; base of proximal phalanx of thumb 3. radial nerve 4. extension of MCP and carpometacarpal joints of thumb

Question 48

1. what ventral rami make up the brachial plexus 2. describe Erb's palsy 3. what nerves come from the posterior cord of the plexus 4. what nerves come from the medial cord 5. what nerves come from the lateral cord

Answer 48

1. C5-T1 2. injury to upper trunk of brachial plexus; medial rotation of arm with wrist flexion 3. axillary and radial nerves from posterior only 4. ulnar nerve from medial only 5. musculocutaneous from lateral only median nerve comes from both lateral and medial cord

Question 49

name the vessels in the image

Answer 49

top arrow= radial artery bottom arrow= ulnar artery

Question 50

1. name the ligaments in the image 2. what part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest

Answer 50

top arrow= coraco-acromial ligament second arrow= coracohumeral ligament third arrow= glenohumeral ligaments bottom arrow= transverse humeral ligament 2. inferior part is weakest as not protected by other muscles or ligaments

Question 51

what is the clinical sign of radial nerve injury?

Answer 51

wrist drop

Question 52

describe the path of the median nerve through the forearm

Answer 52

enters medial to brachial artery goes under FDS and passes down forearm between FDS and FDP enters the hand through the carpal tunnel

Question 53

describe the contents of the carpal tunnel

Answer 53

1. the 4 tendons of FDS 2. the 4 tendons of FDP 3. flexor pollicis longus tendon 4. median nerve

Question 54

1. what artery is the main contributor to the superifical palmer arch 2. what artery is the main contributor to the deep palmar arch

Answer 54

1. ulnar 2. radial

Question 55

name the carpal bones going from bottom row radial side to ulnar side and then top row ulnar side to radial side (like a circle)

Answer 55

1. scaphoid 2. lunate 3. triquetrum 4. pisiform 5. hamate 6. capitate 7. trapezoid 8. trapezium remember it by: So Long Top Part, Here Comes The Thumb

Question 56

give the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box what artery passes through this

Answer 56

1. medial border- tendon of extensor pollicis longus 2. lateral border- tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus 3. floor- scaphoid and trapezium bones radial artery passes through