Mucolytics

Question 1

What are the generic and brand names of mucolytics?

Answer 1

• Carbocisteine (Mycodyne)

* N-acetylcysteine

Question 2

What is the method of action of mucolytics?

Answer 2

• S-Carboxymethylcysteine
• ↑ synthesis in sialomucins which contributes to the viscoelastic properties of the mucus
• ↑ Cl- transport across airway epithelium via simulation of CFTR channel
• ↓ neutrophil infiltration into the airway lumen, cytokine levels and adherence of bacteria and viruses to ciliated epithelial cells
• Modulates mucous production and makes it ‘less sticky’

Question 3

What are the indications for mucolytics?

Answer 3

• Respiratory tract disorders with excess viscous mucus secretion e.g. COPD

Question 4

What are the contraindications for mucolytics?

Answer 4

• Stomach/gut ulcer – if currently then cannot take, if in the past then with caution
• Pregnancy – first 3 months

Question 5

What are the side effects of mucolytics?

Answer 5

• Stevens-Johnsons syndrome – blistering/bleeding of the skin, flu like symptoms, fever
• Blood in vomit
• Black tarry stools
• GI bleed

Question 6

What drugs interact with mucolytics?

Answer 6

• Medication known to cause bleeding in the stomach e.g. NSAIDs – may ↑ risk

Question 7

Which organ eliminates mucolytics?

Answer 7

Kidney