multi-store model

Question 1

Concept of memory

Answer 1

the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved

Question 2

Declarative memory

Answer 2

(“knowing what”) is the memory of facts and events and refers to those memories that can be consciously recalled.

Question 3

Episodic memory

Answer 3

contains the memory of specific events that have occurred at a given time and in a given place

Question 4

Semantic memory

Answer 4

contains general knowledge of facts and people, for example, concepts and schemas, and it is not linked to time and place

Question 5

Procedural memory

Answer 5

(“knowing how”) is the unconscious memory of skills and how to do things

Question 6

Multi-store model (beginning)

Answer 6

• Atkinson and Shiffrin first proposed basic structure
• 1960s

Question 7

Multi-store (assumptions it’s based on)

Answer 7

• Memory consists of a number of separate locations in which information is stored
• Memory processes are sequential
• Each memory store operates in a single, uniform way

Question 8

According to this model…

Answer 8

rehearsal is vital to keeping material active in STM by repeating it until it can be stored in LTM

Question 9

Sensory memory

Answer 9

modality specific - that is, related to different senses, such as hearing and vision`

Question 10

Most important store in the model

Answer 10

visual store (iconic memory) and the auditory store (echoic memory)

Question 11

Information in the sensory store…

Answer 11

stays here for a few seconds and only a very small amount of the information will continue into the short-term memory (STM) store

Question 12

STM

Answer 12

• Duration (6-18 seconds)
• Information is STM is quickly lost if not rehearsed
• Information may be displaced from the STM by new information
• Rehearsal of material in STM plays a key role in determining what is stored in long-term memory in the multi-store model of memory

Question 13

LTM

Answer 13

vast storehouse of information with indefinite duration and potentially unlimited capacity

Question 14

The primary effect

Answer 14

The ability to recall words at the beginning of the list because they had already been transferred to long-term memory

Question 15

The recency effect

Answer 15

The ability to recall words that have just been spoken because they are still in short-term memory

Question 16

Evaluation of the multi-store model

Answer 16

• Good account of basic mechanisms in memory processes
• Several experiments support the assumption of multiple memory stores

Question 17

Strengths of the MSM

Answer 17

• Experimental and biological case studies of patients with brain damage support the theory of separate memory stores
• Historical importance

Question 18

Limitations of the MSM

Answer 18

• Over-simplified
• Doesn’t explain memory distortion or why some things may be learnt with minimal amounts of rehearsal
• Even when rehearsing a lot to remember info it’s not always transferred to the LTM