Who created the Multi-Store Model?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968).
What does the MSM argue about memory?
Memory has three separate stores: sensory register, STM, LTM.
How does information enter the sensory register?
Through senses such as sight and sound.
What moves information to STM?
Paying attention.
What moves information from STM to LTM?
Rehearsal.
What happens to STM information without rehearsal?
It is forgotten.
How is information coded in the sensory register?
SENSORY REGISTER
Through senses (iconic, echoic, etc.).
What is the capacity of the sensory register?
SENSORY REGISTER
Huge capacity.
What is the duration of the sensory register?
SENSORY REGISTER
1–2 seconds.
How is STM mainly coded?
SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM)
Acoustically (sound-based).
What is STM capacity?
SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM)
7±2 items (Miller, 1956) using chunking.
What is STM duration?
SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM)
20–30 seconds unless rehearsed (Peterson & Peterson, 1959).
How is LTM mainly coded?
LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)
Semantically (meaning).
What is LTM capacity?
LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)
Potentially unlimited.
What is LTM duration?
LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)
Lifetime (Bahrick et al., 1975 – 90% classmates after 34 years).
State one strength of the MSM.
MSM STRENGTHS
Scientific support from experiments.
How do case studies support the MSM?
MSM STRENGTHS
Clive Wearing shows STM and LTM are separate stores.
Why is the MSM oversimplified?
MSM WEAKNESSES
It ignores interaction between STM and LTM.
Why can’t MSM explain smells?
MSM WEAKNESSES
They are remembered without rehearsal.
How do emotions challenge MSM?
MSM WEAKNESSES
Emotional memories are remembered strongly without rehearsal.
