MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Question 1

multiple sclerosis

Answer 1

• autoimmune disease in CNS
• body’s immune system attacks the myelin sheaths surrounding the neurons of the brain and spinal cord
• causes demyelination and a subsequent slowing or stopping of nerve transmission

Question 2

who is affected by MS

Answer 2

• more women
• between 20 & 40 years old

Question 3

relapsing/remitting MS

Answer 3

• “flare-ups” when new lesions or symptoms appear
• alternating with periods of remission when no new symptoms occur
• most common form of MS
• will often transition to SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE MS

Question 4

secondary progressive MS

Answer 4

• symptoms worsen SLOWLY over time
• with OR without relapses and remissions
• most people initially diagnosed with relapsing/remitting will transition to secondary progressive at some point

Question 5

primary progressive MS

Answer 5

• NO RELAPSES OR REMISSIONS
• symptoms worsen slowly from the onset

Question 6

progressive relapsing

Answer 6

MOST AGGRESSIVE
- symptoms worsen steadily from the onset, with acute relapses and NO remissions

Question 7

symptoms of MS

Answer 7

fatigue, paresthesias, sensitivity to extreme heat, pain, vertigo, emotional reactions, visual symptoms, motor symptoms, cognitive symptoms

Question 8

cognitive symptoms of MS

Answer 8

short term memory, word finding, difficulty attending, slow processing, EF

Question 9

motor symptoms of MS

Answer 9

muscle weakness, coordination, balance, ataxia, partial/complete paralysis, spasticity, intention tremor, bowel/bladder issues (incontinence), impaired sex functions

Question 10

visual symptoms of MS

Answer 10

diplopia, scotoma, loss of visual acuity, optic neuritis

Question 11

emotional reactions in MS

Answer 11

lability, euphoria, reactive depression

Question 12

primary fatigue

Answer 12

due to cortical damage (in the cerebral cortex of the brain), leads to overwhelming fatigue

Question 13

secondary fatigue

Answer 13

due to deconditioning, respiratory muscle weakness, pain

Question 14

medications for MS

Answer 14

• Disease-modifying medications to slow disease progression
• Antispasmodics, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants
• Neurofunctional modifiers
• Corticosteroids
• Spasticity managing meds

Question 15

What types of sensory impairments are present in MS?

Answer 15

Heat sensitivity, temp, prop, pain, vibration

Question 16

How is ataxia treated in MS?

Answer 16

• prox stabilization for distal movements
• hand over hand for FM tasks
• cervical collar, wrist orthosis

Question 17

What type of tone is seen in MS

Answer 17

Spasticity with sudden LE extensor tone
— hips at 90 deg flexion reduces LE extensor tone

Question 18

Types of utensils for MS

Answer 18

Weighted utensils for intention tremor