mutations

Question 1

Wild-type:

Answer 1

natural state of an organism isolated from nature

Question 2

Genotype:

Answer 2

hereditary information within an organism’s genome

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

resulting expression of the genotype within an organism resulting in observable traits

Question 4

Mutant:

Answer 4

organism with a changed genotype, usually in a specific location in the DNA

Question 5

Mutation

Answer 5

change in the genotype

Question 6

POINT MUTATION

Answer 6

• Mutation that changes a single base in the DNA
  ○ Eventually results in different base pair if not repaired

Question 7

consequences of point mutation

Answer 7

○ Can be minimal or dire depending on where mutation occurs
○ Ex: start codon being removed is BAD

Question 8

SILENT MUTATION

Answer 8

• Point mutation that changes codon but not the resulting amino acid in the protein

Question 9

contributing factors to silent mutatinos

Answer 9

○ Redundancy of the genetic code
Wobble effect

Question 10

MISSENSE MUTATIONS

Answer 10

• Point mutation that changes a codon
  
  • Results in a different amino acid in the protein

Question 11

NONSENSE MUTATIONS

Answer 11

• Point mutation that creates a new stop codon

Question 12

DELETION MUTATIONS

Answer 12

• Sections of DNA can be removed/deleted and the remaining DNA joined together
  ○ Remove sections of genes, promoters, terminators, etc.

In this class we will always assume that the reading frame remains consistent when a deletion mutation occurs