mutations

Question 1

what is a spontaneous mutation

Answer 1

due to natural processes such as failure in proofreading while copying DNA​

Question 2

what is an induced mutation

Answer 2

caused by external factors such as UV light, radiation, drugs or mutagens ​

Question 3

what is a mutation

Answer 3

a change in the dna sequence of an organism, changes can occur in a single dna base or in larger segments of chromosomes. They can affect how proteins are made and may be harmful, beneficial or neutral

Question 4

what is an inherited mutation

Answer 4

passed on from the parents to the offspring

Question 5

what is an insertion mutation

Answer 5

one or more bases are added.

Question 6

what is a deletion mutation

Answer 6

one or more bases are deleted.​

Question 7

what is a substitution mutation

Answer 7

a base gets replaced with a different base.

Question 8

what is a frameshift mutation

Answer 8

Deletion or insertion which leads to the whole DNA strand being read incorrectly due to the frame of reading, the rest of the strand will be read incorrectly.

Question 9

what is a silent mutation

Answer 9

the third base is less important. Therefore, when there is a change in the last base of a codon, the amino acid remains the same and don’t cause any change in the proteins.

Question 10

what is a non-sense mutation

Answer 10

The coding of a “STOP” codon, instead of a normal amino acid. This leads to formation of shorter protein sequences is less functional

Question 11

what is a mis-sense mutation

Answer 11

a change in amino sequence. Will cause changes

Question 12

what is a neutral mutation

Answer 12

no selective advantage or disadvantage.

Question 13

what is a point mutation

Answer 13

a single base changed

Question 14

what is a Duplication mutation

Answer 14

segment of dna is copied

Question 15

what is a translocation mutation

Answer 15

A segment of DNA moves to another chromosome. May disrupt gene function.

Question 16

give an example of a beneficial mutation

Answer 16

coat colour in rock pocket mice
mutation changes fur colour from light to dark, these dark coloured mice are better camouflaged on volcanic rock

Question 17

give an example of a harmful mutation

Answer 17

spider leg syndrome in sheep, a recessive gene that causes skeletal deformities such as twisted spines and long, spider like legs

Question 18

give an example of a neutral mutation

Answer 18

Synonymous Codon Changes in Cattle, a silent mutation that causes no change in protein function or phenotype