Mutations

Question 1

What are the Four mutaions in the ammino acid/protien sequence called?

Answer 1

1. Frameshift (mutation causing a change to the reading frame of a gene ie Additions of deletions)
2. Missence (Substitution of a different ammino acid from the original)
3. Nonsence (insertion of a stop codon into the protein sequence)
4. Silent (Point mutations that do not change the protein amino acid sequence.)

Question 2

What are the 3 types of RNA Polymerase’s (I, II, III)

Answer 2

1. RNA Polymerase I - Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
2. RNA Polymerase II - messenger RNA (mRNA)
3. RNA Polymerase III - transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 3

What is a Histone

Answer 3

Basic protein which have a structual funtion and play a key role in coiling and uncoiling of the chromosomes during the cell cycle

Question 4

Mutations affecting specific bases (Point mutations) - (appear in template/nontemplate strand)

3pts

Answer 4

1. TRANSITION mutation - These are changes in single nucleotide pairs such that a purine replaces a purine, or a pyrimidine replaces a pyrimidine
2. TRANSVERSION mutation - These are changes in which a purine is substituted for a pyrimidine or vice verse
3. INDEL point mutation - Insertion or deletion of a single or small number of bases

Question 5

Mutation effect on the phenotype

Answer 5

LETHAL

NON-LETHAL

Question 6

What are the 4 enzymes essential for Gluconeogenesis

Answer 6

• glucose 6 phosphatase
• frutose 1,6 bisphosphatase
• Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
• Pyruvate carboxylase

Question 7

How much ATP from NADH -

How much ATP from NADH fron glycolysis

How much ATP from FADH2

Answer 7

1. Oxidative Phosphoalation 3 atp per NADH
2. NADH is reoxidised to Nad+ and glycerolphosphate shuttle FADH2
3. FADH2 gives 2 atp via Oxidative Phosphoaralation