Neonate

Question 1

Causes of critically ill neonate

Answer 1

N- iNborn error of metabolism
E- eletrolyte abnormalities
O- overdose (toxins/poison)
S- seizure
E- enteric emergencies
C- cardiac abnormalities
R- recipe( formula, herba additives) 
E- endocrine crisis
T- trauma
S - sepsis

Question 2

Whats APGAR?

Answer 2

A- appearance
P- pulse rate
G- grimace
A - activity / assess tone 
R - respiration

Question 3

APGAR recoded time?

Answer 3

1 min - correlates with acidosis and survival

5 mins - correlates with neuroogic outcome

Question 4

Measles complications

Answer 4

• Otitis media
• pneumonia
• acute post measle encrphalitis
• subacute scleosing pan encephalitis
• myocarditis
• nephritis, hepatitis, pericarditis
• purpura
• keratitis

Question 5

Case definition measles

Answer 5

• Morbiliform rash &
• URTI symptoms ( conjuctivitis, cough, rhinorrhea, coryza) &
• fever at the onset of rash

Question 6

Duct dependent systemic circulation

Answer 6

• Coarctation of aorta
• Aortic stenosis
• Mitral atresia
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Question 7

Duct dependent pulmonary circulation

Answer 7

• Pulmonary atresia
• Severe pulmonary stenosis
• Tricuspid atresia

Question 8

Duct dependent systemic + pulmonary circulation

Answer 8

• transposition of the great vessel

Question 9

Non duct dependant CHD

Answer 9

• truncus arteriosus
• TOF
• total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
• VSD
• ASD

Question 10

Causes of neonatal collapse (endocrine)

Answer 10

• Addisonian crisis
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
• Electrolyte disturbances

Question 11

Other cardiac neonatal condition

Answer 11

• Arrhythmias

- Cardiomyopathies (resistrive,dilated, hypertrophy)

Question 12

Tx to tet spells (hyper cyanotic)

Answer 12

• observe + calm
• knee to chest position (hip flexed - knee brought up to chest) = INCR. systemic vascular resistance (SVR) -> DECR. R) to L) shunt -> INCR. bid flow to lung
• 100% Oxygen
• Opiod (IV/SC morphine/IN fentanyl 0.1mg/kg/1mcg/kg) = SUPPRESS resp centre -> DECR. hyperpnoea + tachy -> improve pulm bld flow + DECR O2 demand
• 0.9% NACL 10mls/kg
• reg - NaHCO- (2-3mmols/kg IV) = ensure adequate ventilation - correct met acidosis
• Correct underlying cause - hypoglycaemia, infection, hypothermia