Nephro Pathology

Question 1

what conditions are examples of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 1

• acute poststrep glomerulonephritis
• rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
• berger dz (IgA glomerulonephropathy)
• alport syndrome

Question 2

what conditions are examples of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 2

• focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• membranous nephropathy
• minimal change dz
• amyloidosis
• diabetic glomerulonephropathy

Question 3

nephritic vs nephrotic basis

Answer 3

• nephritic: inflammation
• nephrotic: gross HIGH proteinuria

Question 3

what conditions can be nephritic and nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 3

• diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
• membranoproliferative glomerulonephrosis

Question 4

nephritic syndrome etiology, clinical characteristics

Answer 4

inflammatory

etiology: glomerular inflammation > basement membrane damage > loss of RBCs in urine > hematuria

signs/sx
- hematuria
- RBC casts
- oliguria
- azotemia
- HTN (inc renin release)
- proteinuria (low)

Question 5

infection associated glomerulonephritis etiology

Answer 5

type III hypersensitivity rxn (ag-ab immune complexes that stick in tissue; clogs up nephron structures and stop function)
- children: group A strep
- adults: staph or strep

Question 6

IgA nephropathy (berger dz) pathophys

Answer 6

episodic hematuria occurring concurrently w resp or GI infxn

IgA secreted by mucosal linings

Question 7

alport syndrome pathophys

Answer 7

• mutation of type IV collagen
• irregular thinning and thickening and splitting of glomerular basement membrane
• x linked dominant (more common in men)
• cant see, cant pee, cant hear a bee

Question 8

nephrotic syndrome etiology, clinical characteristics

Answer 8

massive proteinuria

etiology: podocyte damage > impaired charge barrier > proteinuria

associated w hypercoagulable state due to antithrombin III loss in urine

signs/sx:
- edema
- hypoabluminemia
- HLD
- frothy urine with fatty casts

Question 9

examples of secondary nephrotic syndromes

Answer 9

amyloidosis
diabetic glomerulonephropathy

Question 10

what types of nephrotic syndromes can be both primary + secondary?

Answer 10

• focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• minimal change dz
• membranous nephropathy

Question 11

glomerulosclerosis etiology and complications

Answer 11

• idiopathic or due to other conditions (HIV, sickle cell, heroin use, obesity, congenital malformations, drug induced)
• complication: CKD