Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are your unpaired cranial bones?

A

Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

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2
Q

What are your unpaired facial bones?

A

Vomer

Mandible

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3
Q

[Junctions of the skull]

Frontal + temporal + parietal + greater wing of sphenoid

A

Pterion

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4
Q

[Junctions of the skull]

parietomastoid + occipitomastoid + lamboid

A

Asterion

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5
Q

[Junctions of the skull]

coronal + saggital suture

A

Bregma

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6
Q

[Junctions of the skull]

labdoid + saggital suture

A

Lambda

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7
Q

The anterior fontanelle is the future site of

A

Bregma

close by 18 months

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8
Q

The posterior fontanelle is the future site of

A

lamda

close during the first few months after birth

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9
Q

Hematoma in the temple is most likely due to a tear of

A

MMA

can cause epidural hematoma

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10
Q

The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the

A

maxillary of external carotid artery

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11
Q

[Where is the fracture]

blood or CSF to escape from the ear, hearing loss and facial nerve damage

A

Fracture of the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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12
Q

[Where is the fracture]

anosmia, periorbital bruising/raccoon eye and CSF leakage from the nose/rhinorrhea

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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13
Q

What are the contents of the petrous portion of the temporal bone

A
  1. Vestibulocochlear organ
  2. ICA
  3. Petrosal sinus
  4. Branch of CN VII, VIII, IX, X, XII
  5. petrosal and sigmoid sinus
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14
Q

What houses the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  1. Cribiform plate of the ethmoid

2. CN 1

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15
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin
Connective
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium/Periosteum
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16
Q

What are the three primary bran vesicles?

A
  1. Prosencephalon/Fore brain
  2. Midbrain/Mesencephalon
  3. Hindbrain/Rhombencephalon

Remember, P comes first with R, F comes first with H.

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17
Q

What are your secondary brain vesicles?

A

Remember, TD MsMtMe

  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Mesencephalon
  4. Metencephalon
  5. Myelencephapon
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18
Q

What are your adult brain structures?

A

Remember:

  1. Cerebrum
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Midbrain
  4. SC
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19
Q

What are the components of your cerebral hemisphere?

A
  1. Cortex
  2. White matter
  3. Basal nuclei
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20
Q

What are the components of your diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Epithalamus
  4. Retina
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21
Q

What are the adult structures of your Metencephalon?

A
  1. Pons

2. Cerebellum

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22
Q

What are your neural crest derivative?

A
  1. Pigment cells of retina
  2. Cells of the adrenal medulla
  3. Meninges
  4. Neurolemnal sheath of peripheral nerve
  5. Sensory ganglia of cranial and spinal nerves
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23
Q

Absence of neural crest cell migration in Hirschsprung disease is due to ___

A

RET mutation

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24
Q

What are the three protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord?

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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25
What is the inner surface of skull bones?
Endosteal layer
26
What separates the endosteal layer and meningeal layer?
Venous sinus
27
What are the septa that divide the cranial cavity into freely communicating spaces?
1. Falx cerebri - sickle shaped 2. Tentorium cerebelli - crescent shaped 3. Falk cerebelli - small, sickle shaped 4. Diaphragma sella - circular
28
The dura mater receives its sensory nerve supply from the
1. C1 to C3 | 2. Trigeminal nerve
29
Referred headache and face is related to what nerve supplying the dura above the tentorium
Trigeminal nerve
30
Headache referred to the back of the head
Cervical nerves
31
___ lines the pia mater and dura mater
arachnoid mater
32
what is the potential space between arachnoid mater and dura mater?
Subdural space Remember:
33
What is the potential space between the pia mater and he arachnoid mater?
Subarachnoid space Remember: Ara is on top of Pia
34
What covers the gyri of the brain?
pia mater composed of mesothelial cells
35
Wha is the functional classification of the cerebrum?
Brodmann classification
36
BA 44, 45
Broca = frontal = motor Bro youre 44, were 22
37
BA 22
Wernicke = temporal = sensory Bro your 44, were 22
38
[Brodmann classification] pre-central gyrus
Primary Motor area = BA 4
39
[Brodmann classification] somatosensory area
Post central gyrus BA 312
40
[Brodmann classification] primary visual area
BA 17
41
[Brodmann classification] priamry auditory area
BA 41, 42
42
[Wernicke/Broca] cannot comprehend can speak nonsensical senstences
Wernicke = word salad
43
[Wernicke/Broca] can comprehend difficulty putting words together
Broca = broken speech
44
[Stroke presentation] LE > UE weakness contralateral paralysis contralateral sensory loss
Anterior cerebral
45
[Stroke presentation] UE > LE weakness Contralateral paralysis of face, UE Contralateral sensory loss of face and UE
MCA
46
[Stroke presentation] contralateral hemianopia, with macular sparing
Posterior CA
47
[UMNL vs UMNL] spastic paralysis, increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia, positive babinski, positive clonus, no atrophy
UMNL
48
[Thalamic nuclei] Emotions
Anterior/Dorsomedial
49
[Thalamic nuclei] sensory
VPL/VPM
50
[Thalamic nuclei] motor
Ventral anterior | Ventral lateral
51
[Thalamic nuclei] Vision
Lateral geniculate Body
52
[Thalamic nuclei] hearing
Medial Geniculate Body
53
___ syndrome pure hemilateral sensory loss without lesion, hemilateral pain
Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome cross below the the thalamus
54
[Cerebellum] Coordination of limb movements while being executed, regulate muscle tone
Anterior lobe = Paleocerebellum or Spinocerebellum
55
[Cerebellum] coordinate voluntary movements
Posterior lobe = neocerebellum of cerebrocerebellum
56
[Cerebellum] coordinate paraaxial muscle associated with equilibrium
Floculonodular lobe = Archicerebellum = vestibulocerebellum
57
[Cerebellum: syndrome] Ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesa
All voluntary = posterior
58
[Cerebellum: syndrome] marked gait instability, loss of coordination in the LE
gait = anterior lobe syndrome
59
[Cerebellum: syndrome] truncal ataxia
flocculonodular lobe syndrome
60
Draw your CSF flow
Remember: Lat, 3, 4, sah moon, sylvia, luschka magendie, villi
61
What is the volume of your CSF?
130mL
62
What are the layers traversed by the needle during lumbar puncture?
1. Skin 2. Superficial fascia 3. Supraspinous ligament 4. Interspinous 5. Ligamentum flavin 6. Epidural space 7. Dura Mater 8. Arachnoid 9. Subarachnoid SSS ILEDAS
63
What are the components of your basal ganglia?
1. Caudate nucleus | 2. Lentiform nuclei (Globus pallidus, putamen)
64
What are the roles of you basal ganglia
1. Initiate voluntary movements | 2. control of postural adjustments associated with voluntary movements
65
Dyskinesa refers to
Involuntary movements
66
What disease is associated with degeneration of your substantia nigra?
parkinsons disease
67
___ involuntary, irregular, jerking movement affecting the limb and axial muscle groups
Chorea due to degeneration of striatal neurons
68
___ large flailing movements if one extremity or the arm and the leg on one side
hemiballismus
69
the degeneration of striatal neurons result in
chorea
70
damage to the contralateral subthalamic nucleus results to ___
hemiballismus usually, PCA stroke
71
Clasp-knife spasticity is associated with what lesion?
UMN
72
Lead-pipe rigidity is associated with what lesion
basal ganglia lesions NO PARALYSIS HERE!
73
Cranial nerves that has mixed sensory and motor function
CN 9, 10, 7, 5 ``` Remember, Oh | Some Oh | Say Oh | Money To | Maters Touch | But And | My Feel a | Brother Virgin | Says Girls | Big Vagina | Brains A | Matter H | More ```
74
What are the nerves in your midbrain
CN III CN IV Mid 34
75
What are the nerves in your pons
CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII Pons 5-8
76
What are the nerves in your medulla
CN IX CN X CN XI CN XII Medulla 9-12
77
Which cranial nerves have a parasympathetic component?
CN 9 CN 10 CN 7 CN 3
78
What exits the optic canal?
CN 2 | Ophthalmic artery
79
What exits the SOF
1. CN 3, 4, 6 V1 2. Ophthalmic vein 3. Lacrimal, Frontal, Nasociliary nerve
80
What exits the Foramen Rotundum
V2
81
What exits the foramen ovale
V3
82
What exits the Jugular foramen?
1. CN 9, 10, 11 | 2. Sigmoid sinus to IJV
83
What exits the hypoglossal canal
1. CN XII
84
What exits the Internal Acoustic Meatus?
1. CN 7, 8
85
What exits the foramen magnum
1. CN 12 roots 2. Medulla and meninges 3. Vertebral arteries
86
What are the foramens located in the middle cranial fossa
1. Optic Cana 2. Superior orbital fissure 3. Foramen rotondum 4. Foramen ovale
87
What exits the posterior cranial fossa?
1. Jugular foramen 2. Hypoglossal canal 3. Internal acoustic meatus 4. Foramen magnum
88
[Bone of skull] Cribiform plate
Ethmoid
89
[Bone of skull] optic canal
lesser wing of sphenoid
90
[Bone of skull] superior orbital fissure
between lesser and greater wing of sphenoid
91
[Bone of skull] foramen rotundum
greater wing of sphenoid
92
[Bone of skull] foramen ovale
greater wing of sphenoid
93
[Bone of skull] foramen spinosum
greater wing of sphenoid
94
what are the contents of your foramen spinosus
1. Middle meningeal artery and vein | 2. Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
95
[Bone of skull] Internal acoustic meatus
Petrous part of temproal bone
96
[Bone of skull] jugular foramen
between petrous part of temporal and occipital
97
[Bone of skull] hypoglossal canal
occipital
98
[Bone of skull] foramen magnum
occupital
99
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected] Diplopia, eye down and out, ptosis, dilated and fixed pupil
CN 3
100
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected] diplopia, extorsion of the eye, downward gaze
CN 4 SO4 pulls the eye upward inward
101
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected] diplopia, medial deviation abductor paralysis
CN 6 LR6 abducts the eye
102
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected] ``` Facial paralysis loss of corneal/blink reflex hyperacusis dry mouth loss of lacrimation loss of taste (anterior 2/3) ```
CN 7: Bells palsy
103
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected] facial hemianesthesia, paralysis of muscle of mastication ipsilateral jaw deviation, loss of general sensation (anterior 2/3)
CN V
104
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected, be specific] 1. paralysis of lower face 2. forehead not wrinkled 3. eyebrows not raised 4. flat nasolabial fold 5. eye does not close
CN 7, peripheral
105
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected, be specific] 1. paralysis of lower face 2. forehead wrinkled 3. eyebrows raised 4. eyes closes but with weakness
CN 7, central
106
the facial nerve synapses at which part of thebrain?
pons
107
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected, be specific] Dysphonia, dysphagia, loss of gag, deviation of uvula
CN 9: Glossopharyngeal
108
arnolds nerve refers to the
auricular branch of vagus nerve
109
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected] weakness in turning head toward opposite side and shrugging shoulder
CN 11
110
[Clinical correlates: cranial nerve affected] tongue hemiparalysis, deviation towards the weak side
CN 12
111
What are the branches of the arch of the aorta
1. Brachiocephalic trunk 2. Left common carotid 3. Left subclavian
112
What are the branches of your external carotid artery?
1. Superior thyroid 2. Ascending pharyngea 3. Linguial 4. Facial 5. Occipital 6. Posterior auricular 7. Superficial temporal 8. Maxillary SAL FOPS Max
113
What are the terminal branches of your internal carotid artery?
1. Anterior cerebral artery | 2. Middle meningeal artery
114
What divides the subclavian artery in to 3 parts?
Scalaneus anterior muscle
115
What are the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery?
1. Vertebral 2. Thyrocervical 3. Internal thoracic
116
What are the branches of the second part of your subclavian artery?
1. costocervical trunk
117
What is the relationship of the scalaneus anterior and subclavian artery?
The subclavian artery is posterior to the scalaneus anterior muscle
118
The left subclavian artery originates from the?
arch of the aorta
119
The right subclavian artery originates from the?
right brachiocephalic artery
120
[Part of the circle of willis] Internal carotid
1. Ophthalmic 2. Posterior comminicating 3. Anterior cerebral 4. Middle cerebral
121
[Part of the circle of willis] vertebral
1. PICA 2. Ant/Post spinal meningeal 3. Medullary
122
[Part of the circle of willis] basilar
1. Post cerebral 2. Superior cerebellar 3. Pontine 4. Labyrinthine 5. AICA
123
Most commonly involved artery in rupture berry aneurysm
ACom
Anatomy
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