Network Services

Question 1

Network Service

Answer 1

Function provided by the network infrastructure to support various types of communications and processes

Question 2

Provides an IP address to every machine on the network and eliminates configuration errors

Answer 2

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Question 3

A list of valid IP addresses available for assignment or lease to a client computer or endpoint device on a given subnet

Answer 3

Scope

Question 4

Excludes some IP addresses from being handed out to devices unless a certain condition is met

Answer 4

DHCP Reservation

Question 5

Discover
Offer
Request
Acknowledge

Answer 5

IP address
Subnet mask
Default gateway IP
DNS server IP
Lease time

Question 6

Forwards DHCP packets between clients and servers

Answer 6

DHCP Relay

Question 7

Forwards several different kinds of UDP broadcasts across the router and can be used in conjunction with the DHCP relay

Answer 7

IP Helper

Question 8

For DHCP to work across different network segments, configure the client’s router with an IP helper address

Answer 8

For DHCP to work across different network segments, configure the client’s router with an IP helper address

Question 9

Integral component of the IPv6 network protocol used to simplify the network configuration process and make assigning IP addresses seamless and easy to complete | allows hosts to automatically configure own addresses without the need for a centralized authority

Answer 9

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)

Question 10

Benefit of SLAAC

Answer 10

enhance the efficiency of the networks
eliminate the potential for IP conflicts
Streamline the process of integrating new devices into the networks

Question 11

How does SLAAC work?

Answer 11

1. Device Initiation - “ Let’s figure out where I am.”
2. Router Solicitation - “ Hey, is there any routers on this network?”
3. Router Advertisement - “ Here’s what i know about the network, and here’s where you fit in, and this will provide the prefix of your local network.”
4. Address Configuration
5. Final Check
   Used to simplify the network configuration process and make assigning IP addresses seamless and easy to complete

Question 12

Helps network clients find a website using human-readable hostnames instead of numeric IP addresses

Answer 12

Domain Name System (DNS)

Question 13

A domain name that is under a top-level provider

Answer 13

Fully-Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

Question 14

Be cautious when configuring the host file, as it is a powerful tool that can potentially misdirect network traffic

Answer 14

Be cautious when configuring the host file, as it is a powerful tool that can potentially misdirect network traffic

Question 15

Sends DNS records data from the primary nameserver to a secondary nameserver | uses TCP protocol to transfer data

Answer 15

Zone Transfer

Question 16

Determines what the domain name is for a given IP address

Answer 16

Reverse DNS Lookup

Question 17

Uses DNS to find the IP address for a given domain name

Answer 17

Forward Lookup

Question 18

DNS Records:

Answer 18

A / AAAA: Link hostname > IP (v4 / v6)
CNAME: Links a hostname to an IPv4 address
MX: Directs emails to mail server
SOA: Stores important info about a domain or zone
PTR: Correlates an IP address with a domain name
TXT: Adds text into the DNS
NS: Indicates which DNS nameserver has the authority

Question 19

Allows cloud instances on the same network access each other using internal DNS names

Answer 19

Internal DNS

Question 20

Critical component in the networks since it is allowed to redirect network devices from one domain name it its associated IP address

Answer 20

Domain Name System (DNS)

Question 21

Provides a digital tamper-proof seal for the DNS data to ensure that the info reaching the device is exactly what the server intended to send

Answer 21

DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)

Question 22

used to send the DNS queries through the HTTPS protocol, which is the same protocol that secures the data

Answer 22

DNS over HTTPS DOH

Question 23

Encapsulates DNS traffic inside of a transport layer security tunnel

Answer 23

DNS over TLS (DoT)

Question 24

Synchronizes clocks between systems communicating over a packet-switched, variable-latency data network | Stratum, Clients and servers

Answer 24

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Question 25

NTP

Answer 25

Sent over UDP using port 123

Question 26

Used to synchronize clocks throughout a computer network | is ideal for networks that require precise timekeeping | operates by using a primary-secondary architecture for clock synchronization

Answer 26

Precision Time Protocol (PTP)

Question 27

Extension of NTP that was developed to provide cryptographic security for the time synchronization provided by the NTP servers | uses both TLS and AEAD to ensure time synchronization process is secure and the time source is authenticated

Answer 27

Network Time Security (NTS)

Question 28

Enables strategic optimization of network performance based on different types of traffic

Answer 28

Quality of Service (QoS)

Question 29

The time a packet travels from source to destination

Answer 29

Delay

Question 30

Uneven arrival of packets which is especially harmful in VoIP traffic

Answer 30

Jitter

Question 31

Occurs during link congestion when a router's interface queue overflows and causes packet loss

Answer 31

Drop

Question 32

Categorize traffic, apply a policy, and prioritize them in accordance with a QoS policy | document and share with the users | best effort, integrated services, differentiated services

Answer 32

Purpose of QoS

Question 33

Traffic is first in, first out

Answer 33

Best Effort - No QoS

Question 34

Traffic has strict bandwidth reservations

Answer 34

Integrated Services (IntServ) - Hard QoS

Question 35

Has differentiation of data types where routers and switches can make decisions based on markings and can fluctuate traffic

Answer 35

Differentiated Services (DiffServ) - Soft QoS

Question 36

Best Effort - Not strict DiffServ - Less strict (Soft QoS) IntServ - More strict (Hard QoS)

Answer 36

Classification and marking, congestion management and avoidance, policing and shaping, link efficiency for Soft and Hard QoS

Question 37

Traffic is placed into different categories | does not alter any bits in the frame or packet

Answer 37

Classification

Question 38

Alters bits within a frame, cell, or packet, which indicates handling of traffic

Answer 38

Marking

Question 39

Congestion Management

Answer 39

Determines the order in which packets are sent out an interface based on priorities assigned to those packets

Question 40

Empties the packets in specified sequence an amount | weighted fair queuing, low-latency queuing, weighted round-robin

Answer 40

Queuing Algorithm

Question 41

Newly arriving packets would be discarded if the device's output queue fills to capacity

Answer 41

Congestion Avoidance

Question 42

Used to prevent an overflow from occurring | drops packtes based on their defined limits

Answer 42

Random Early Detection (RED)

Question 43

Typically discards packets exceeding the configured rate limit | is recommended for higher-speed interfaces

Answer 43

Policing

Question 44

Allows buffer to delay traffic from exceeding the configured rate

Answer 44

Shaping

Question 45

Packet payload is compressed to conserve bandwidth

Answer 45

Link Efficiency: Compression

Question 46

Fragments large data packets and interleaves smaller data packets between the fragments

Answer 46

Link Efficiency: Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI)

Question 47

Leon, the company's network administrator, is concerned about the integrity of DNS responses received from external servers due to recent incidents of DNS cache poisoning. They want to implement a solution that ensures the authenticity of DNS data to mitigate such attacks. Which security mechanism is designed to provide authentication and integrity for DNS data and best accomplish this task?

Answer 47

DNSSEC

Question 48

Ivan, as a network administrator, is tasked with ensuring accurate time synchronization across all devices in their company's network. Due to the diverse geographical locations of their offices, maintaining precise time becomes crucial for coordinated operations and secure transactions. Which protocol should they implement to synchronize time across the network effectively?

Answer 48

NTP (Network Time Protocol)

Question 49

Leslie’s company is expanding its network infrastructure to accommodate a growing number of employees and devices. They need to implement a method for automatically assigning IP addresses to devices on the network without the need for manual configuration. This will streamline the onboarding process for new devices and reduce administrative overhead. Which IPv6 addressing mechanism would allow devices on the network to automatically configure their own unique IP addresses based on the network prefix advertised by the router?

Answer 49

SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration)

Question 50

As a network administrator for a large corporation, Claude is tasked with enhancing the security and privacy of the company's network infrastructure. Recently, there have been concerns about the confidentiality of DNS queries, as traditional DNS queries are sent in plaintext, leaving them susceptible to eavesdropping and manipulation. This poses a significant risk, especially when employees access sensitive resources or handle confidential information. To mitigate these risks, he decides to explore alternative methods for DNS resolution that offer encryption and privacy protections. Which technology provides this enhanced security and privacy for DNS queries?

Answer 50

DoH (DNS over HTTP)

Question 51

Sylvia is on a VoIP call and has noticed that the voice of the person she is talking to is sort of jumbled up. What is the term for the issue she is experiencing?

Answer 51

Jitter