Routing

Question 1

Forwards traffic between subnets, between an internal and external network, or between two external network

Answer 1

Router

Question 2

Each subnet or external network is going to be its own broadcast domain

Answer 2

Each subnet or external network is going to be its own broadcast domain

Question 3

In the real world, you can use a layer 3 switch or multilayer switches also perform routing functions

Answer 3

In the real world, you can use a layer 3 switch or multilayer switches also perform routing functions

Question 4

Exam tip

Answer 4

if you’re using a multilayer switch , it is functioning as a router

Switch
Layer 2 Switch
Multilayer Switch layer 3
Router

Question 5

10. Q: When data leaves a LAN, what transition happens?

Answer 5

A: From Layer 2 (frames) to Layer 3 (packets).

Question 6

11. Q: When data enters another LAN, what transition happens?

Answer 6

A: From Layer 3 (packets) back to Layer 2 (frames).

Question 7

15. Q: What happens when PC1 sends data to PC2 on another network?

Answer 7

A: PC1 sends data to its router → router repackages it as a packet → sends to Router 2 → Router 2 sends it as a frame to PC2.

Question 8

17. Q: What’s the simplest explanation of routing?

Answer 8

A: Moving packets from one network to another using IP addresses.

Question 9

Helps determine which route entry is the best fit for the network

Answer 9

Routing Table

Question 10

A route entry with the longest prefix is the most specific network

Answer 10

A route entry with the longest prefix is the most specific network

Question 11

Learned by physical connection between routers

Answer 11

Directly Connected Route

Question 12

Manually configured by an administrator

Answer 12

Static Route

Question 13

Default Static Route

Answer 13

(0.0.0.0/0)

“If you don’t know where to go, just go here.”

Question 14

Learned by exchanging information between routers

Answer 14

Dynamic Route

Question 15

Prevents a route learned on one interface from being advertised back out of that same interface

Answer 15

Split Horizon

Question 16

Operates within an autonomous system

Answer 16

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)

Question 17

Operates between autonomous systems

Answer 17

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

Question 18

Sends full copy of routing table to its directly-connected neighbors at regular intervals

Answer 18

Distance Vector

Question 19

Time it takes for routers to update their routing tables in response to a topology change

Answer 19

Convergence

Question 20

Prevents updates for a specific period of time and speeds up convergence

Answer 20

Hold-down Timer

Question 21

Number of routers from the source router through which data must pass to reach the destination network

Answer 21

Hop Count

Question 22

Requires all routers to know about the paths that all other routers can reach in the network | faster convergence time and use cost or other factors as a metric

Answer 22

Link State

Question 23

A distance vector protocol that uses hop count (maximum hops of 15; 16 is infinite)

Answer 23

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Question 24

Link state protocol that uses cost | cost is based on link speed between routers

Answer 24

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

Question 25

Link state protocol that also uses cost and functions like OSPF protocol, but not as widely popular

Answer 25

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)

Question 26

Hybrid of distance vector and link state protocols that uses bandwidth and delay | Cisco devices only

Answer 26

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

Question 27

Path vector that uses the number of autonomous system hops instead of router hops | exterior protocol | backbone of the internet, widespread utilization, slow convergence

Answer 27

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Question 28

Determines which path a router could take | Believability of a Route

Answer 28

Route Selection

Question 29

Lower AD is considered more believable or trustworthy

Answer 29

Administrative Distance (AD)

Question 30

Least number of hops gives less distance to cover

Answer 30

Hop Count

Question 31

Lowest cost of bandwidth means the highest amount of bandwidth to use

Answer 31

Bandwidth

Question 32

Least amount of delay

Answer 32

Delay

Question 33

Beliebability

Answer 33

Lowest number is the most believable

Question 34

RIP - Distance Vector, Interior OSPF - Link State, Interior EIGRP - Adv, Distance Vector, Interior IS-IS - Link State, Interior BGP - Path Vector, Exterior

Answer 34

RIP - Distance Vector, Interior OSPF - Link State, Interior EIGRP - Adv, Distance Vector, Interior IS-IS - Link State, Interior BGP - Path Vector, Exterior

Question 35

Used to conserve the limited supply of IPv4 addresses | translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses for routing over public networks

Answer 35

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Question 36

Automatically assigns an IP address from a pool and gives a one-to-one translation

Answer 36

Dynamic NAT (DNAT)

Question 37

Manually assigns an IP address and gives ea one-to-one translation

Answer 37

Static NAT (SNAT)

Question 38

Sharing of one public IP by multiple private IP addresses which gives a many-to-one translation

Answer 38

Port Address Translation (PAT)

Question 39

NAT Address Types

Answer 39

Inside Local: Private IP of an inside device Inside Global: Public IP of an inside device Outside Local: Private IP of an outside device Outside Global: Public IP of an outside device

Question 40

Network protocol that prevents disruptions in communication by automatically rerouting data traffic in case of a path or device failure

Answer 40

Routing Redundancy Protocol

Question 41

Set of protocols designed to ensure network reliability by providing automatic failover to a backup router to maintain uninterrupted network service | reliability, load balancing, seamless transitions

Answer 41

First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP)

Question 42

Ensures that communications remain up and running even if a single router configuration fails

Answer 42

Reliability

Question 43

Distributes network traffic across multiple routers to prevent any single device from being overwhelmed

Answer 43

Load balancing

Question 44

Sends data from a failed router to redirect to a standby router

Answer 44

Seamless Transitions

Question 45

IP address that is not bound to a specific device but serves as a representative for one or multiple devices

Answer 45

Virtual IP

Question 46

Allows a single physical interface on a router or a switch to be subdivided into multiple logical interfaces | cost efficient, conduct traffic management

Answer 46

Subinterface

Question 47

Developed by Cisco as a redundancy protocol that can establish a fault-tolerant default gateway for devices on a local network segment

Answer 47

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)

Question 48

Where a higher priority router takes over as the active router if it comes online after the initial election

Answer 48

Preempting

Question 49

Standard redundancy protocol that functions similarly to the HRSP, with few key differences | open standard, multiple routers configuration, simple and automatic election scheme

Answer 49

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

Question 50

Cisco-developed protocol that takes redundancy by adding load balancing capabilities into the mix

Answer 50

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)

Question 51

Multicast sender sends traffic to a Class D IP address, known as a multicast group

Answer 51

Multicast Routing

Question 52

Used by clients and routers to let the router know which interfaces have multicast receivers and allow clients to join a multicast group | IGMPv1, IGMPv2, IGMPv3

Answer 52

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

Question 53

Routes multicast traffic between routers and forms a multicast distribution tree | (PIM-DM) & (PIM-SM)

Answer 53

Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

Question 54

Uses periodic flood and prune behavior to form optimal distribution tree

Answer 54

PIM Dense Mode (PIM-DM)

Question 55

Uses a shared distribution tree and creates an optimal distribution tree optimal distribution tree through shortest path tree (SPT) switchover

Answer 55

PIM Sparse Mode (PIM-SM)

Question 56

Tunneling protocol used to encapsulate a wide variety of network layer protocols inside virtual point-to-point links over an Internet Protocol network | useful when connecting similar network topologies over a different intermediate network |protective bubble around our data packets that allows them to travel through the other network without being interfered with

Answer 56

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)

Question 57

What is GRE favored for?

Answer 57

Its simplicity and efficiency in encapsulating multiple protocol types | tunnels can be use to encapsulate protocols for tunneling | versatility & integration, universal translation | GRE tunnels operate at Layer 3 of the OSI Model

Question 58

In a small office, multiple internal devices need internet access. The network administrator wants to conserve public IP addresses. Which technique would be most appropriate for this scenario?

Answer 58

Port Address Translation (PAT)

Question 59

In a large enterprise network with multiple autonomous systems, which routing protocol is commonly used for inter-domain routing between different autonomous systems?

Answer 59

BGP

Question 60

A company with internal servers requires them to be accessible from the internet. To enhance security and maintain private IP addresses internally, what is the best technique the network administrator should implement?

Answer 60

Static NAT

Question 61

In a redundant network design, which protocol enables multiple routers to share a virtual IP address, providing seamless failover in case of an active router failure?

Answer 61

HSRP

Question 62

In a network, administrators want to establish a secure and scalable tunnel for encapsulating a variety of protocols. Which protocol should be used for this purpose?

Answer 62

GRE