NURS 305 - Exam 5 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary adverse effect associated with antidepressants?

A

Suicidal thoughts

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2
Q

What are the general interactions associated with antidepressants? (2)

A
  • MOAIs
  • Alcohol / CNS depressants
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3
Q

What is the drug class of citalopram (Celexa)?

A

SSRI

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4
Q

When is the maximum clinical effectiveness of citalopram (Celexa) achieved?

A

6 - 8 weeks

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5
Q

Describe the MOA of citalopram (Celexa)

A

Increases serotonin

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6
Q

What are the indications of citalopram (Celexa)? (2)

A
  • Depression
  • OCD
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7
Q

citalopram (Celexa) has a ______ causing withdrawal syndrome

A

Short half-life

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8
Q

What are the side effects of citalopram (Celexa)? (2)

A
  • Insomnia
  • Sexual dysfunction
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9
Q

Describe the education associated with citalopram (Celexa)

A

Take in morning to decrease insomnia

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10
Q

What is the drug class of venlafaxine (Effexor)?

A

SNRI

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11
Q

Describe the MOA of venlafaxine (Effexor)

A

Increases serotonin and norepinephrine

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12
Q

What are the indications of venlafaxine (Effexor)? (2)

A
  • Depression
  • GAD
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13
Q

What are the side effects of venlafaxine (Effexor)? (3)

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Serotonin syndrome
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14
Q

What are the manifestations of serotonin syndrome? (4)

A
  • Nausea
  • Drowsiness
  • Headache
  • Dry mouth
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15
Q

What are the interactions associated with venlafaxine (Effexor)? (4)

A
  • SSRIs
  • TCAs
  • Triptans
  • Grapefruit juice
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16
Q

What is the drug class of bupropion HCL (Wellbutrin)?

A

DNRI

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17
Q

Describe the MOA of bupropion HCL (Wellbutrin)

A

Increases dopamine and norepinephrine

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18
Q

What are the indications of bupropion HCL (Wellbutrin)? (3)

A
  • Depression
  • Smoking cessation
  • Sexual dysfunction from SSRIs
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19
Q

What are the side effects of bupropion HCL (Wellbutrin)? (2)

A
  • Decreased appetite
  • Weight loss
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20
Q

What is the drug class of trazodone (Desyrel)?

A

Serotonin modulator

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21
Q

trazodone (Desyrel) has minimal adverse effects on ______

A

The cardiovascular system

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22
Q

trazodone (Desyrel) is a better choice for patients with what conditions? (2)

A
  • CHF
  • Hypertension
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23
Q

What are the indications of trazodone (Desyrel)? (2)

A
  • Depression
  • Insomnia
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24
Q

What are the side effects of trazodone (Desyrel)? (3)

A
  • Priapism
  • Sedation
  • Impaired cognitive function in older adults
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25
What is priapism?
Prolonged erections resulting in tissue death
26
Describe the education associated with trazodone (Desyrel)
Take at bedtime - sedative effects
27
Describe the general nursing considerations associated with antidepressants (2)
- Require at least 6 weeks of therapy - May require increased dosages
28
Antidepressants should be used in conjunction with ______
Psychotherapy
29
What is the drug class of lithium (Lithobid)?
Mood stabilizing drug
30
What is the primary indication of lithium (Lithobid)?
Bipolar disorder (drug of choice for mania)
31
lithium (Lithobid) has a ______ therapeutic range
Narrow
32
What lithium (Lithobid) levels begin to produce toxicity?
> 1.5 – 2.5
33
What are the manifestations of lithium (Lithobid) toxicity? (4)
- Tremors - Confusion - Sedation - Seizures
34
What factors increase the risk of lithium (Lithobid) toxicity? (2)
- Dehydration - Hyponatremia
35
Describe the monitoring associated with lithium (Lithobid) (2)
- Sodium levels - Routine drug monitoring - maintain therapeutic levels
36
Describe the education associated with lithium (Lithobid)
Maintain consistent sodium intake
37
What are the side effects of lithium (Lithobid)? (3)
- Increased thirst - Renal toxicity - Weight gain
38
Long-term treatment using lithium (Lithobid) may cause ______
Hypothyroidism
39
What are the indications of antipsychotics? (5)
- Autism - Tourette’s - Schizophrenia - Extreme mania - Intractable hiccups
40
Describe the MOA of antipsychotics (2)
- Block dopamine receptors - Causes a tranquilizing effect
41
What is the primary concern associated with antipsychotics?
Extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS)
42
What is extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS)?
Involuntary muscle spasms similar to those of Parkinson’s disease
43
What are the manifestations of extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS)? (4)
- Akathisia - Acute dystonia - Tardive dyskinesia - Pseudoparkinsonism
44
Describe the treatment of akathisia (2)
- Lorazepam - Beta blockers
45
Describe the treatment of acute dystonia (2)
- Lorazepam - benztropine (Cogentin)
46
Describe the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (3)
- Benzos - Beta blockers - Calcium channel blockers
47
What is the drug class of haloperidol (Haldol)?
Antipsychotic
48
What is the primary indication of haloperidol (Haldol)?
Psychosis
49
haloperidol (Haldol) can be given at a low dose to treat ______
Nausea
50
What is the primary contraindication of haloperidol (Haldol)?
Patients on large doses of CNS depressants
51
Describe the black box warning associated with haloperidol (Haldol)
Not approved for dementia related psychosis
52
Why are atypical / second generation antipsychotics preferred over conventional antipsychotics?
They block SPECIFIC dopamine / serotonin receptors
53
What is the drug class of risperidone (Risperdal)?
Atypical / second generation antipsychotic
54
risperidone (Risperdal) is less likely to cause ______ than first generation antipsychotics
Tardive dyskinesia
55
What is the primary indication of risperidone (Risperdal)?
Schizophrenia
56
Describe the black box warning associated with risperidone (Risperdal) (2)
- Not approved for dementia related psychosis - Increased risk of suicide in children, adolescents, and young adults
57
What is the drug class of benztropine (Cogentin)?
Anticholinergic - crosses blood brain barrier
58
Describe the MOA of benztropine (Cogentin)
Increases acetylcholine
59
What are the indications of benztropine (Cogentin)? (2)
- Extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) - Parkinson's disease
60
Use caution with benztropine (Cogentin) in what conditions?
Extreme heat / exercise - risk of hyperthermia
61
benztropine (Cogentin) causes ______ side effects
Anticholinergic
62
Describe anticholinergic side effects (4)
- Blurred vision - Urinary retention - Dry mouth - Constipation
NURS 305 - Exam 5
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