new born

Question 1

Objectives


Answer 1

Identify the testing position and response of neonatal reflexes
List characteristics of a preterm infant

Question 2

Reflex- obligatory response to stimulus

Answer 2

Neonatal Reflexes

Question 3

• When the reflex is not predictable or the preferred pattern anymore
• these reflexes happens to allow more complex and mature neuromotor patterns to develop.

Answer 3

Integration

Question 4

• Suck-swallow reflex
• Rooting reaction
• Tonic labyrinthine reflex (supine and prone)
• Palmar grasp reflex
• Plantar grasp reflex
• Moro reflex
• Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
• Neonatal Positive Supporting
• Spontaneous Stepping

Answer 4

Neonatal Reflexes

Question 5

• Reflexes dominate early motor activity
• In prone, the infant can turn head side to side
• In supine, the head is typically turned to one side
• In pull-sit, there is a visible head lag
• In supported standing, little weight is accepted

Answer 5

Neonatal Motor Behavior

Question 6

Arousal- Table 3.3, p83

Sleep- REM and NREM

Answer 6

Newborn States and Sensory Function

Question 7

Often present with brain damage or birth trauma
Likely to be behaviorally disorganized
Possible delayed motor, cognitive and language development

Answer 7

REM-NREM disturbances

Question 8

• The neonate can see, process, and react to stimuli.
• Infants see objects at 20 feet the same clarity/acuity that adults see at 600 feet (p87)
• Research has shown no significant reaction to various colors (except for red)

Answer 8

newborns eyesight

Question 9

Can distinguish several basic tastes

Research has shown an infant preference to breast milk

Answer 9

Taste & Smell

Question 10

This sense is well developed at birth

Answer 10

Touch

Question 11

Believed that infants have a natural desire for their mother’s voice and native language

Answer 11

Hearing

Question 12

• Gestational age- common for dating the age of a preterm infant
• born before the 37th week.

Answer 12

The Preterm Infant

Question 13

if a Newborn’s weight is low for the length of the pregnancy they typically have more problems than preterm

Answer 13

Small-for-date

Question 14

• Physiologic immaturity of the lungs
• Physiologic immaturity of the cardiac system
• Immaturity of the gastric system
• Lower muscle tone
• Difficulty with sleep patterns may emerge
• Visual system is more fragile than that of a full term infant

Answer 14

Characteristics of a Preterm Infant

Question 15

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)- lack of surfactant

Answer 15

Physiologic immaturity of the lungs

Question 16

Persistent fetal circulation- ductus arteriousus does not close properly

Answer 16

Physiologic immaturity of the cardiac system

Question 17

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)

Answer 17

Immaturity of the gastric system

Question 18

-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
-Neonates may “graduate” and transition to a step-down unit (NSDU)
-Nurse to infant ratio is low
Unit can resuscitate infants
-Kangaroo Care (p79)
-Music, touch, gentle rocking
All to improve weight gain

Answer 18

Care for the Preterm Infant

Question 19

• The importance of infant-mother contact and bonding has been researched and stressed as important
• Intensive intervention is needed for preterm infants that live in stressed, low-income house-holds.

Answer 19

Social Effects of Preterm Birth